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Mathematics of the DFT
    Sinusoids and Exponentials
       Complex Sinusoids
          Phasor and Carrier Components of Sinusoids
             Phasor

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Phasor

It is common terminology to call $ z_0 = Ae^{j\phi}$ the complex sinusoid's phasor, and $ z_1^n = e^{j\omega n T}$ its carrier wave.

For a real sinusoid,

$\displaystyle x_r(n) \isdef A \cos(\omega n T+\phi), $

the phasor is again defined as $ z_0 = Ae^{j\phi}$ and the carrier is $ z_1^n = e^{j\omega n T}$. However, in this case, the real sinusoid is recovered from its complex-sinusoid counterpart by taking the real part:

$\displaystyle x_r(n) =$   re$\displaystyle \left\{z_0z_1^n\right\} $

The phasor magnitude $ \left\vert z_0\right\vert=A$ is the amplitude of the sinusoid. The phasor angle $ \angle{z_0}=\phi$ is the phase of the sinusoid.

When working with complex sinusoids, as in Eq.$ \,$(4.11), the phasor representation $ Ae^{j\phi}$ of a sinusoid can be thought of as simply the complex amplitude of the sinusoid. I.e., it is the complex constant that multiplies the carrier term $ e^{j\omega nT}$.

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written by Julius Orion Smith III
Julius Smith's background is in electrical engineering (BS Rice 1975, PhD Stanford 1983). He is presently Professor of Music and Associate Professor (by courtesy) of Electrical Engineering at Stanford's Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA), teaching courses and pursuing research related to signal processing applied to music and audio systems. See http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/ for details.


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