Sign in

username:

password:



Not a member?

Search Online Books



Search tips

Free Online Books

Sponsor

Industry's highest performing at the lowest power DSPs now as low as $5.00*
Start development today!
*volume pricing for 10ku

Chapters

See Also

Embedded SystemsFPGAElectronics
Chapter Contents:

Search Physical Audio Signal Processing

  

Book Index | Global Index


Would you like to be notified by email when Julius Orion Smith III publishes a new entry into his blog?

  

DW State Space Model

As discussed in §E.2, the traveling-wave decomposition Eq.$ \,$(E.4) defines a linear transformation Eq.$ \,$(E.10) from the DW state to the FDTD state:

$\displaystyle \underline{x}_K= \mathbf{T}\, \underline{x}_W \protect$ (E.27)

Since $ \mathbf{T}$ is invertible, it qualifies as a linear transformation for performing a change of coordinates for the state space. Substituting Eq.$ \,$(E.27) into the FDTD state space model Eq.$ \,$(E.24) gives
$\displaystyle \mathbf{T}\,\underline{x}_W(n+2)$ $\displaystyle =$ $\displaystyle \mathbf{A}_K\, \mathbf{T}\,\underline{x}_W(n) + \mathbf{B}_K\, \underline{u}(n+2)\protect$ (E.28)
$\displaystyle \underline{y}(n)$ $\displaystyle =$ $\displaystyle \mathbf{C}_K\, \mathbf{T}\,\underline{x}_W(n).
\protect$ (E.29)

Multiplying through Eq.$ \,$(E.28) by $ \mathbf{T}^{-1}$ gives a new state-space representation of the same dynamic system which we will show is in fact the DW model of Fig.E.2:
$\displaystyle \underline{x}_W(n+2)$ $\displaystyle =$ $\displaystyle \mathbf{A}_W\, \underline{x}_W(n) + {\mathbf{B}_W}\, \underline{u}(n+2)$  
$\displaystyle \underline{y}(n)$ $\displaystyle =$ $\displaystyle \mathbf{C}_W\, \underline{x}_W(n)$ (E.30)

where
$\displaystyle \mathbf{A}_W$ $\displaystyle \isdef$ $\displaystyle \mathbf{T}^{-1}\mathbf{A}_K\,\mathbf{T}$  
$\displaystyle {\mathbf{B}_W}$ $\displaystyle \isdef$ $\displaystyle \mathbf{T}^{-1}\mathbf{B}_K$  
$\displaystyle \mathbf{C}_W$ $\displaystyle \isdef$ $\displaystyle \mathbf{C}_K\,\mathbf{T}
\protect$ (E.31)

To verify that the DW model derived in this manner is the computation diagrammed in Fig.E.2, we may write down the state transition matrix for one subgrid from the figure to obtain the permutation matrix $ \mathbf{A}_W$,

$\displaystyle \underbrace{\left[\! \begin{array}{l} \qquad\vdots \\ y^{+}_{n+2,...
...{-}_{n,m+4} \\ \quad\vdots \end{array} \!\right]}_{\underline{x}_W(n)} \protect$ (E.32)

and displacement output matrix $ \mathbf{C}_W$:

\begin{displaymath}
\underbrace{\left[\!
\begin{array}{c}
\vdots \\
y_{n,m-2} \...
...+4} \\
\quad\vdots
\end{array}\!\right]}_{\underline{x}_W(n)}
\end{displaymath}



Subsections
Previous: FDTD State Space Model
Next: DW Displacement Inputs

Order a Hardcopy of Physical Audio Signal Processing


About the Author: Julius Orion Smith III
Julius Smith's background is in electrical engineering (BS Rice 1975, PhD Stanford 1983). He is presently Professor of Music and Associate Professor (by courtesy) of Electrical Engineering at Stanford's Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA), teaching courses and pursuing research related to signal processing applied to music and audio systems. See http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/ for details.


Comments


No comments yet for this page


Add a Comment
You need to login before you can post a comment (best way to prevent spam). ( Not a member? )