Kaiser Overlap-Add Example

Matlab code:

M = 33;    % Window length
beta = 8;
w = kaiser(M,beta);
R = floor(1.7*(M-1)/(beta+1)); % ROUGH estimate (gives R=6)

Figure 9.25 plots the overlap-added Kaiser windows, and Fig.9.26 shows the steady-state overlap-add (a time segment sometime after the first 30 samples). The ``predicted'' OLA is computed using the Poisson Summation Formula using the same matlab code as before. Note that the Poisson summation formula gives exact results to within numerical precision. The upper (lower) bound was computed by summing (subtracting) the window-transform magnitudes at all frame-rate harmonics to (from) the dc gain of the window. This is one example of how the PSF can be used to estimate upper and lower bounds on OLA error.

The difference between measured steady-state overlap-add and that computed using the Poisson summation formula is shown in Fig.9.27. Again the two methods agree to within numerical precision.

Finally, Fig.9.28 shows the Kaiser window transform, with marks indicating the folding frequency at the chose hop size , as well as the frame-rate and its first harmonic. We see that the frame rate (hop size) has been well chosen for this window, as the folding frequency lies very close to what would be called the ``stop band'' of the Kaiser window transform. The ``stop-band rejection'' can be seen to be approximately dB (height of highest side lobe in Fig.9.28). We conclude that this example--a length 33 Kaiser window with and hop-size -- represents a reasonably high-quality audio STFT that will be robust in the presence of spectral modifications. We expect such robustness whenever the folding frequency lies above the main lobe of the window transform.

Remember that, for robustness in the presence of spectral modifications, the frame rate should be more than twice the highest main-lobe frequency.

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written by Julius Orion Smith III
Julius Smith's background is in electrical engineering (BS Rice 1975, PhD Stanford 1983). He is presently Professor of Music and Associate Professor (by courtesy) of Electrical Engineering at Stanford's Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA), teaching courses and pursuing research related to signal processing applied to music and audio systems. See http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/ for details.