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Two-Channel Case

The simplest nontrivial case is $ N=2$ channels. Starting with a general linear time-invariant filter

$\displaystyle H(z) \eqsp \sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}h(n)z^{-n},$ (12.6)

we may separate the even- and odd-indexed terms to get

$\displaystyle H(z) \eqsp \sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}h(2n)z^{-2n} + z^{-1}\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}h(2n+1)z^{-2n}.$ (12.7)

We define the polyphase component filters as follows:

\begin{eqnarray*}
E_0(z)&=&\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}h(2n)z^{-n}\\ [5pt]
E_1(z)&=&\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}h(2n+1)z^{-n}
\end{eqnarray*}

$ E_0(z)$ and $ E_1(z)$ are the polyphase components of the polyphase decomposition of $ H(z)$ for $ N=2$ .

Now write $ H(z)$ in terms of its polyphase components:

$\displaystyle \zbox {H(z) \eqsp E_0(z^2) + z^{-1}E_1(z^2)}$ (12.8)

As a simple example, consider

$\displaystyle H(z)\eqsp 1 + 2z^{-1} + 3z^{-2} + 4z^{-3}.$ (12.9)

Then the polyphase component filters are

\begin{eqnarray*}
E_0(z) &=& 1 + 3z^{-1}\\ [5pt]
E_1(z) &=& 2 + 4z^{-1}
\end{eqnarray*}

and

$\displaystyle H(z) \eqsp E_0(z^2) + z^{-1}E_1(z^2) \eqsp (1 + 3z^{-2}) + (2z^{-1} + 4z^{-3}).$ (12.10)


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N-Channel Polyphase Decomposition
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Filtering and Downsampling