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Shift Theorem

The shift theorem says that a delay of $ \Delta$ samples in the time domain corresponds to a multiplication by $ z^{-\Delta}$ in the frequency domain:

$\displaystyle {\cal Z}_z\{$SHIFT$\displaystyle _\Delta\{x\}\} \;=\; z^{-\Delta} X(z), \; \Delta\ge 0, $

or, using more common notation,

$\displaystyle \zbox {x(n-\Delta) \;\leftrightarrow\; z^{-\Delta} X(z), \; \Delta\ge 0.} $

Thus, $ x(\cdot - \Delta)$, which is the waveform $ x(\cdot)$ delayed by $ \Delta$ samples, has the z transform $ z^{-\Delta}X(z)$.


Proof:

\begin{eqnarray*} {\cal Z}_z\{\mbox{{\sc Shift}}_\Delta\{x\}\} &\isdef & \sum_{n... ...ty}x(m) z^{-m} \\ &\isdef & z^{-\Delta} X(z), % \quad\pfendmath \end{eqnarray*}

where we used the causality assumption $ x(m)=0$ for $ m<0$.

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