Application to FM Synthesis
The properties of the new oscillator appear well suited for FM
applications in VLSI because of the minimized computational expense.
However, in this application there are issues to be resolved regarding
conversion from modulator output to carrier coefficients. Preliminary
experiments indicate that FM indices less than are well behaved
when the output of a modulating oscillator simply adds to the
coefficient of the carrier oscillator (bypassing the exact FM
formulas). Approximate amplitude normalizing coefficients have also
been derived which provide a first-order approximation to the exact AM
compensation at low cost. For music synthesis applications, we
believe a distortion in the details of the FM instantaneous frequency
trajectory and a moderate amount of incidental AM can be tolerated
since they produce only second-order timbral effects in many
situations.
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Digital Waveguide Resonator
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The Second-Order Waveguide Filter