Hi Tim,
Thanks for your comment, see my answers below :
Tim Wescott wrote:
> I assume that your 'p' operator is the same as the more usual 's' operator?
yes
>
> There are a number of approximations you can use, the most popular ones
> being the first difference:
>
> p = (z - 1)/Tz or p = (z - 1)/T,
ok.
> where T is your sample time (or one over your sample rate, if you will),
>
> and the bilinear (or Tustin) approximation:
>
> p = 2/T * (z-1)/(z+1).
ok.
> Both of these are _approximations_, which only hold for p (or s) that is
> much lower than 1/T. Your approximation is more or less a first
> difference except that you are not including the sample time.
ok.
> The term "damping ratio" is much more slippery when you're talking about
> discrete-time systems. Assuming that I'm not messing up the math, if
> you find the pole locations of your transfer function, z_0 = e^{jw + q)
> then the "damping ratio" is
> zeta = q / sqrt(w^2 + q^2).
What I finally discovered in reading books, is that if z_0 = r*e(jw)
(Are you sure about your definition of z_0, it looks like my r is your
e^(q) ?), the signal is damped with a ratio 'a' at time 'k' if
r<e^(-ln(a)/k) (assuming the sampling time T=1).
I am used to analog filter. if the filter is 1/(p�+2*z*wn*p+wn�), p
being the operator, wn the natural pusle, and z the damping ratio.
depending on the value of z (greater or smaller than 1), the response to
a unit step in input (1/p) will be a combination of exp() function, or
exp() with oscillations (cos() and sin()). The fastest response is
reached with z=1/sqrt(2) (it is the critical damping factor).
I am trying to find the same parameters for the discret filter I
mentionned in my preceding posts. I am confused with your formula.
> I assume that by "natural pulse" you mean impulse response;
no, I mean the pulse of the response of the filter with a unit step in
input and with a null damping. It is the 'wn' parameter mentioned above
in my analog example.
Finally, in analog world, people speak about loop-noise bandwidth of a
filter and it is defined as :
B = int(|H(jw)|�, w=0..inifity) for the normalized H filter.
Does the same thing exist in digital world ? Is it the same ?
I will try to find your book. Thanks for the reference.
Alexandre.
Reply by Tim Wescott●November 2, 20042004-11-02
AG wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I am studying a digital phase locked loop.
>
> The closed loop filter of this loop has the following Z-Transform :
>
> H(z) = ((K1+K2)*z^-1 - K1*z^-2) / (1 + (K1+K2-2)*z^-1 + (1-K1)*z^-2)
>
> I would like to know the damping factor and the natural pulse of the
> equivalent time continuous filter H(p).
>
> by equivalent, I mean a filter H(p) that would give in the time domain,
> the same response to an unit step than the one I would get in the
> discret domain (one being the discretized version of the other).
>
> I thought I just had to replace z by 1+p in H(z). doing the
> approximation e(p)=1+p. But it doesn't seem to be the right thing to do.
> (damping factor and natural pulse doesn't not corresponds each other).
> Does anyone know why and could explain it ?
>
> I hope I made it clear, and it's the right place to ask this question.
>
> Alexandre.
I assume that your 'p' operator is the same as the more usual 's' operator?
There are a number of approximations you can use, the most popular ones
being the first difference:
p = (z - 1)/Tz or p = (z - 1)/T,
where T is your sample time (or one over your sample rate, if you will),
and the bilinear (or Tustin) approximation:
p = 2/T * (z-1)/(z+1).
Both of these are _approximations_, which only hold for p (or s) that is
much lower than 1/T. Your approximation is more or less a first
difference except that you are not including the sample time.
The term "damping ratio" is much more slippery when you're talking about
discrete-time systems. Assuming that I'm not messing up the math, if
you find the pole locations of your transfer function, z_0 = e^{jw + q)
then the "damping ratio" is
zeta = q / sqrt(w^2 + q^2).
I assume that by "natural pulse" you mean impulse response; you can get
that by doing direct polynomial division in the z domain, or just
simulating the system with an IIR filter (which is mathematically
exactly the same thing). You can get details on this operation from
"Digital Control Systems" by Houpis & Lamont, McGraw-Hill, 1985, or
nearly any other good book that includes discrete-time signal processing.
--
Tim Wescott
Wescott Design Services
http://www.wescottdesign.com
Reply by AG●November 2, 20042004-11-02
Hi all,
I am studying a digital phase locked loop.
The closed loop filter of this loop has the following Z-Transform :
H(z) = ((K1+K2)*z^-1 - K1*z^-2) / (1 + (K1+K2-2)*z^-1 + (1-K1)*z^-2)
I would like to know the damping factor and the natural pulse of the
equivalent time continuous filter H(p).
by equivalent, I mean a filter H(p) that would give in the time domain,
the same response to an unit step than the one I would get in the
discret domain (one being the discretized version of the other).
I thought I just had to replace z by 1+p in H(z). doing the
approximation e(p)=1+p. But it doesn't seem to be the right thing to do.
(damping factor and natural pulse doesn't not corresponds each other).
Does anyone know why and could explain it ?
I hope I made it clear, and it's the right place to ask this question.
Alexandre.