Reply by August 25, 19991999-08-25
Hi

Texas send me the following answer:

Dear Mr. JAKOBSEN

Thank you for contacting Texas Instruments concerning your following
inquiry:
{
I have tried to use an example from Texas to make boot code for a 5402
DSP.
This example is given in the document "Bootload of C code for the
TMS320C5x" ( SPRA 235 ).
I have tried to link my project with a similar linker command file, but
I get warnings and errors.

The linker command file:
-c
-o BUILD3.OUT
-m BUILD3.MAP
-f 0
-stack 128
-heap 1024
-x
-l rts.lib
-l c54xdsp.lib

MEMORY
{
PAGE 0: PROG: origin=0x0800, length=0x37FF
PAGE 1: DATA: origin=0x0060, length=0x07FA
}

SECTIONS
{
bootsect: { rts.lib(.text) = 800h
*(.text)
.cinit=.;
*(.cinit)
.+=1;
*(.bss)
*(.stack)
*(.sysmem) } load00h PAGE 0
}

Output from linker:
----------------------------
TMS320C54x COFF Linker Version 3.10
Copyright (c) 1996-1998 Texas Instruments Incorporated
>> BUILD3.CMD, line 20: warning: rts.lib(.text) not found

undefined first referenced
symbol in file
--------- ----------------
__STACK_SIZE d:\program files\C54XCGT\rts.lib
__SYSMEM_SIZE d:\program files\C54XCGT\rts.lib
>> symbol referencing errors - NEWDCSBUILD3.OUT not built
Build Complete,
2 Errors, 0 Warnings.
----------------------------

The linker has obviously found the rts.lib file. So I do not know why
it generates the warning.
As far as I know, the _STACK_SIZE and _SYSMEM_SIZE is made by the linker
itself when the -c option is used.
} First of all some words concerning _STACK_SIZE and _SYSMEM_SIZE:
Boot.asm (within rts.lib) declares the stack size. The size is
determined by the linker
option -stack size. Thus, including -stack 0x400 for a 1K words stack
in your
linker command file should do.
A temporary heap memory pool is created by using a .usect called
.sysmem
The size of the section .sysmem is determined by the linker via the
-heap option
Thus, please include -stack 0x400 for a 1K words heap in your linker
command file.

Thus, I'm not sure why the linker doesn't accept these options in order
to implement the
concepts recommended in SPRA235. However, please pay attention to the
following facts:

SPRA235 discusses how boot code can be generated using C code.
Specifically addressed is how to use
the -c option in the linker to build a single code section that
includes the .text, .cinit,
.bss, etc., sections that you want to be in the boot code. A single
section is only needed
if the the bootloader can't lood multiple sections.

You will find in our documentations that some of the on-chip boot
loaders
(e.g. the older C54x types) can load only one single section. This is
correct -
for the older devices and many customers would like to make extensive
use of sections.

The hex utility will build as many sections as you want, but it will
not merge
them into one single section. One single section is required if the
bootloader
can only load one single section / block. This may present a problem,
when you
are intend to load C code or multiple sections. The TMS320C54x C
compiler creates
for example several sections or blocks when it compiles C source code.
Some applications may require that all sections associated with the
program be
included in the boot to have a complete executable program. In this
case, the
individual sections must be combined into a single section for boot or
the bootloader
must be able to handle multiple sections.

In order to support the multiple sections boot and to reinitialize
related register
values, the boot table data stream with the source program needs to be
in a special
format as described for example in the C548/C549 bootloader document.
The newer C54xx
devices (C548, C549, C5402, C5410, C5409 etc.) ALL SUPPORT MULTIPLE
SECTIONS BOOTLOAD.
Therefore, the following explanations do not need to be used to build
the table!!!

{
Just the older C54x devices (C541,C542 etc.) require a single section
boot-table.
The hex conversion utility does not combine individual sections -
therefore, you
must use then the linker to group those sections. The sections that the
compiler creates
are divided into two categories: initialized sections (sections that
contain data
or code) and uninitialized sections (sections that reserve space but
contain no actual data).
Initialized sections created by the TMS320C54x C compiler include
.text, .cinit, .const,
and .data. Warning: Uninitialized sections are ignored by the hex
conversion utility
and are not converted. Concluding, you may have to use the linker
command file to create a
single single 'merged' section for the older bootloaders. Please refer
to Appendix C,
The Hex Conversion Utility, Generating a boot table in the C54x ASM
Lang Tools Users Guide
spru102 for a more detailed explanation of how to do this. Thes user's
guide can be downloaded
from or web site at http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/psheets/man_dsp.htm

Please note that the example for the C54x hex conversion utility in
this user's guide,
pages C17-C23, does not state what options are used to compile the
example.
The example is the example for generating a boot table for LowPower
Core Devices.
If the example is compiled without the -v548 option, the hex file
produced does not
look like the one on page C-23. However, if it is compiled with -v548,
the hex file
produced looks a lot more like what is documented.

The DSP performs consecutive reads from an external device which can be
a Host on the
HPI, EPROM, parallel I/O or serial port. The data which is read by the
DSP must be in
a particular format called a boot table. As with any 'C54x device , the
boot table
contains information on the destination address, section size, data
format and other
information. The 'C548/549 bootloader requires a different boot table
format to support
the extra functionality of the serial ports, and the extended address
range.
In fact, there are serveral registers which can be initialized in order
to maximize
the bootloader efficiency. For example, the 'C548 boot table includes
information to
re-program the Software Wait State generator and Bank Switch register
for EPROM bootloads.
If the serial ports are being used for bootloading, the same boot table
locations act
as register values for initialization of the serial port configuration
registers.
As a result, the bootloader supports full-function TDM and BSP
bootloading. Normally,
as with the earlier (e.g. C542) bootloader, registers are not
reprogrammable and forces
the serial ports into the Standard Mode of operation. However, the
'C548/C549 HPI and
I/O (using XF and BIO) bootloading has the same functionality as the
'C542.

To generate for example the correct boot table for the 548/549, you
MUST use version
1.20 or later of the code generation tools and you must use the -v548
assembler option.
This option flags the object file as destined for the 548/549 and then
the hex
utility will generate the correct boot table. Otherwise, the hex
utility will
generate the boot table format for the earlier 54x devices.

However, if a file compiled/assembled with the code generation tools
V1.20
then you need to take care about the following reported problem:
If -v548 is used and linked with the default rts.lib (or other non-v548
files),
and the -v548 file is not the first file given to the linker on the
command line,
then the linker will not flag the output file as a c548 file!!!!
This means that the hex converter will not recognize the output file as
a c548 file,
which could affect processing of the boot table.
The workaround is to place the -v548 file first on the command line to
the linker,
or to compile with -mf -v548 and link with the extended runtime library
(rts_ext.lib).
This problem does not appear in the currently available code generation
tools version 3.10.
}

Concluding, you should be able to build a multiple sections boot-table
using the current code
generation tools v3.10, a conventional linker command file and the
right linker switches.
However, the bootloader is implemented differently on the C548/9 and
C5402 devices than described
in the C54x applications guide SPRU173. The C5402 in particular can be
used to automatically
transfer user code after reset, from an external source to anywhere in
the program memory.
If the MP/!MC pin is sampled low during a hardware reset, the C5402
executes the bootloader
program. The standard C5402 bootloader provides several options for the
source of code to download:

Parallel from 8-bit or 16-bit-wide EPROM
Parallel from I/O space 8-bit or 16-bit mode
Serial boot from McBSPs 8-bit or 16-bit mode
Host Port Interface boot

A combination of interrupt flags and the bit values of an external
memory location
determine the selection between the various boot options. The main
difference between
the C5402 bootloader and that of previous C54x devices is the HPI boot
mode.
The new HPI boot mode allows the host to load the on-chip RAM AFTER
the device is reset,
and NOT WHILE the device is in reset. After the 5402 is taken out of
reset, the host loads
the boot code through the HPI-8. This new HPI boot mode is required
because the C5402 HPI
has access to the entire on-chip RAM, and it does not support transfers
while the reset pin
is asserted. The HPI-8 is an enhanced version of the 8-bit HPI on the
548/549. The HPI-8
communicates with memory through the DMA controller instead of a
dedicated addressing unit.
Consequently, the HPI-8 can now access all on-chip memory and is no
longer limited to the
2-K block limitation of the 548/549.

I have attached a prelimenary document 5402rom.pdf which describes the
bootloader and the rom code content.
Also you may find the C548/C549 bootloading document helpful, which can
be downloaded from our web page at
http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/dsps/hotline/techbits/c5xxfiles.htm
Please note that these docs are preliminary and some information may
change in the final version.

Finally, please note that the TMS320C54x CPU and Peripheral Reference
manual
volume 1 has been updated. The new release SPRU131F is now available at
the internet
http://www-s.ti.com/sc/psheets/spru131f/spru131f.pdf
and covers the new C54x derivatives : 5402, 5410 and 5420.

I hope you find this information helpful but please don't hesitate to
contact
us again if you have further questions. Please use then the EPIC case
ID above
if your inquiry relates to this problem.

For Online assistance, please visit our Online Technical Support Site
for DSPs at
http://www.ti.com/sc/dsphelp

TI offers Data Converters and Power Supply products that are
specifically
designed to work with our family of powerful DSPs. We announced for
example
the industry's first family of low dropout (LDO) voltage
regulators/supervisors
to support the dual-supply voltage needs of low-power digital signal
processors.
The devices regulate 3.3 volts and a second fixed (1.8V or 2.5V) or
programmable
voltage in a single 28-pin integrated circuit (IC) package, thus
eliminating three
ICs from single-core DSP designs and even more from complex
applications using
multiple DSPs. Please visit http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/news/1999/99002.h
tm and
http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/msp/dsps.htm
for more information about DSP solutions.

Best Regards,

Phil Alder
Application Support Engineer
European Product Information Centre
Texas Instruments

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wrote:
original article:http://www.egroups.com/group/c54x/?start3
> I have tried to use an example from Texas to make boot code for a
> 5402 DSP. This example is given in the document "Bootload of C code
for
> the
> TMS320C5x" ( SPAR 235 ).
> I have tried to link my project with a similar linker command file,
but
> I
> get warnings and errors.
>
> The linker command file:
>
> -c
> -o BUILD3.OUT
> -m BUILD3.MAP
> -f 0
> -stack 128
> -heap 1024
> -x
> -l rts.lib
> -l c54xdsp.lib
>
> MEMORY
> {
> PAGE 0: PROG: origin=0x0800, length=0x37FF
> PAGE 1: DATA: origin=0x0060, length=0x07FA
> }
>
> SECTIONS
> {
> bootsect: { rts.lib(.text) = 800h
> *(.text)
> .cinit=.;
> *(.cinit)
> .+=1;
> *(.bss)
> *(.stack)
> *(.sysmem) } load00h PAGE 0
> }
>
> Output from linker:
> ----------------------------
> TMS320C54x COFF Linker Version 3.10
> Copyright (c) 1996-1998 Texas Instruments Incorporated
> >> BUILD3.CMD, line 20: warning: rts.lib(.text) not found
>
> undefined first referenced
> symbol in file
> --------- ----------------
> __STACK_SIZE d:\program files\C54XCGT\rts.lib
> __SYSMEM_SIZE d:\program files\C54XCGT\rts.lib
> >> symbol referencing errors - NEWDCSBUILD3.OUT not built
> Build Complete,
> 2 Errors, 0 Warnings.




Reply by August 12, 19991999-08-12
I have tried to use an example from Texas to make boot code for a
5402 DSP. This example is given in the document "Bootload of C code for
the
TMS320C5x" ( SPAR 235 ).
I have tried to link my project with a similar linker command file, but
I
get warnings and errors.

The linker command file:

-c
-o BUILD3.OUT
-m BUILD3.MAP
-f 0
-stack 128
-heap 1024
-x
-l rts.lib
-l c54xdsp.lib

MEMORY
{
PAGE 0: PROG: origin=0x0800, length=0x37FF
PAGE 1: DATA: origin=0x0060, length=0x07FA
}

SECTIONS
{
bootsect: { rts.lib(.text) = 800h
*(.text)
.cinit=.;
*(.cinit)
.+=1;
*(.bss)
*(.stack)
*(.sysmem) } load00h PAGE 0
}

Output from linker:
----------------------------
TMS320C54x COFF Linker Version 3.10
Copyright (c) 1996-1998 Texas Instruments Incorporated
>> BUILD3.CMD, line 20: warning: rts.lib(.text) not found

undefined first referenced
symbol in file
--------- ----------------
__STACK_SIZE d:\program files\C54XCGT\rts.lib
__SYSMEM_SIZE d:\program files\C54XCGT\rts.lib
>> symbol referencing errors - NEWDCSBUILD3.OUT not built
Build Complete,
2 Errors, 0 Warnings.
----------------------------

The linker has obviously found the rts.lib file. So I do not know why it
generates the warning.
As far as I know, the _STACK_SIZE and _SYSMEM_SIZE is made by the linker
itself when the -c option is used.

I hope someone of you out there have been able to make boot code for
your DSP.
So, please give me a few hints on how I can do it.

Best regards
Torgeir Jakobsen
e-mail: