>>"qaisar" <alsaeed86@yahoo.com> wrote in message
>>news:YqydnaulpK0gt9PeRVn-jw@giganews.com...
...
> But can you please give me some detail that how this information allows one
> to infer its value between samples.
Fred already told you: sinc interpolation. His question about what you
want the result for is pertinent. To draw a graph, just about any spline
will do. To use the waveform rather than represent it as numbers, the
usual way of creating an analog signal does exactly what you want. I
don't think it's reasonable to expect a closed-form equation for the
time response, so you will always be left with a table of numbers. If
the original samples are too far apart for your liking, use one of the
traditional upsampling methods.
Jerry
--
Engineering is the art of making what you want from things you can get.
�����������������������������������������������������������������������
Reply by qaisar●October 14, 20052005-10-14
>
>"qaisar" <alsaeed86@yahoo.com> wrote in message
>news:YqydnaulpK0gt9PeRVn-jw@giganews.com...
>>I am digitizing the sampled signal be using a uniform quantizer, so the
>> step (q) between two consective quantization levels is fixed and is "q
=
>> Vin/2^N" where 'q' is the quantization step, 'Vin' is the total range
of
>> quantizer and 'N' are the effective number of bits of quantizer.
>>
>> Now I want to determine the path which the signal is following between
two
>> consective quantization levels. i.e weather it is a straight line, a
curve
>> etc.
>>
>> Thanks in advance for your ideas.
>
>The problem you're trying to solve is one of "interpolation".
>The statement of the problem "determine the path" is fuzzy because it
>doesn't state the degree of accuracy, how many time points on the path,
etc.
>
>So, given that you have two points, all you can generate is a straight
line.
>Given that you have three points, all you can generate is a 2nd order
curve.
>and so forth.
>All of these will be approximations which are good or bad to one degree
or
>another.
>
>A few of the answers deal with bandlimited situations for good reason.
>If the underlying signal that was sampled was perfect (no quantization
>errors, etc.) and bandlimited to less than half the sampling frequency,
then
>it can be (theoretically) perfectly reconstructed (i.e. interpolated) by
>convolving with infinite sinc functions related to the sample rate (which
is
>an "assumed" bandwidth that's greater than the actual bandwidth).
>Well, that is, except for the quantization noise. You can't go backwards
>perfectly ... can't interpolate perfectly ... due to the quantization.
>
>It's a nice thing to think about. Beyond that, you might ask: "why do
you
>care?" "what is the application?" From this, you can better state the
>problem and get better solutions.
>
>Fred
>
>
**************************************************************************
Thanks for your discussion and ideas and specially thanks to jerry for the
comments.
*Dears my signal is band limited and I am satisfying the Shannon's
theorem.
I want to interpolate the data, at the mid of two consecutive samples and
at the same time I want to estimete the interpolation error. As you know
that if I know the path of signal I can reduce the error of estimation.
Any how as jerry said "A bandlimited signal is limited in how fast it can
change value or slope, and that limitation allows one to infer its value
between samples".
I am agreed with jerry, as slope of signal can be viewed as its frequency.
But can you please give me some detail that how this information allows one
to infer its value between samples.
Qaisar.
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Reply by Fred Marshall●October 13, 20052005-10-13
"qaisar" <alsaeed86@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:YqydnaulpK0gt9PeRVn-jw@giganews.com...
>I am digitizing the sampled signal be using a uniform quantizer, so the
> step (q) between two consective quantization levels is fixed and is "q =
> Vin/2^N" where 'q' is the quantization step, 'Vin' is the total range of
> quantizer and 'N' are the effective number of bits of quantizer.
>
> Now I want to determine the path which the signal is following between two
> consective quantization levels. i.e weather it is a straight line, a curve
> etc.
>
> Thanks in advance for your ideas.
The problem you're trying to solve is one of "interpolation".
The statement of the problem "determine the path" is fuzzy because it
doesn't state the degree of accuracy, how many time points on the path, etc.
So, given that you have two points, all you can generate is a straight line.
Given that you have three points, all you can generate is a 2nd order curve.
and so forth.
All of these will be approximations which are good or bad to one degree or
another.
A few of the answers deal with bandlimited situations for good reason.
If the underlying signal that was sampled was perfect (no quantization
errors, etc.) and bandlimited to less than half the sampling frequency, then
it can be (theoretically) perfectly reconstructed (i.e. interpolated) by
convolving with infinite sinc functions related to the sample rate (which is
an "assumed" bandwidth that's greater than the actual bandwidth).
Well, that is, except for the quantization noise. You can't go backwards
perfectly ... can't interpolate perfectly ... due to the quantization.
It's a nice thing to think about. Beyond that, you might ask: "why do you
care?" "what is the application?" From this, you can better state the
problem and get better solutions.
Fred
Reply by Jerry Avins●October 13, 20052005-10-13
qaisar wrote:
> I am digitizing the sampled signal be using a uniform quantizer, so the
> step (q) between two consective quantization levels is fixed and is "q =
> Vin/2^N" where 'q' is the quantization step, 'Vin' is the total range of
> quantizer and 'N' are the effective number of bits of quantizer.
>
> Now I want to determine the path which the signal is following between two
> consective quantization levels. i.e whether it is a straight line, a curve
> etc.
>
> Thanks in advance for your ideas.
In order for samples to contain information about all of the signal, the
interval between them must be less than half a period of the highest
frequency component of the signal. (See "Nyquist-Shannon Sampling
Theorem.) A bandlimited signal is limited in how fast it can change
value or slope, and that limitation allows one to infer its value
between samples.
The signal you deal with is quantized; in other words, you do not know
the exact value of the signal at the sampling instants. With a perfect
sampler, the difference between the true and quantized values can be +/-
half a quantization step. In most cases, the difference varies randomly
from sample to sample; in those cases, the effect of quantizing can be
modeled as noise.
Your first paragraph makes it clear that this is a new field for you. We
usually try not to solve homework problems, but we are glad to help.
Jerry
--
Engineering is the art of making what you want from things you can get.
�����������������������������������������������������������������������
Reply by Jon Harris●October 13, 20052005-10-13
"qaisar" <alsaeed86@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:YqydnaulpK0gt9PeRVn-jw@giganews.com...
>I am digitizing the sampled signal be using a uniform quantizer, so the
> step (q) between two consective quantization levels is fixed and is "q =
> Vin/2^N" where 'q' is the quantization step, 'Vin' is the total range of
> quantizer and 'N' are the effective number of bits of quantizer.
>
> Now I want to determine the path which the signal is following between two
> consective quantization levels. i.e weather it is a straight line, a curve
> etc.
>
> Thanks in advance for your ideas.
I'm not sure about between quantization levels (that doesn't make sense to me),
but between samples, it may be possible to know what path the signal took. If
(and this is very important) the signal is frequency-limited to < 1/2 of the
sample rate (the Nyquist criterion), the original signal can be reconstructed
and you can know what path it took between the samples (Google for
reconstruction filter, sample rate conversion, or bandlimited interpolation. I
don't think this answers the question you asked, but maybe is a step in the
right direction.
Reply by Ian●October 13, 20052005-10-13
qaisar wrote:
> I am digitizing the sampled signal be using a uniform quantizer, so the
> step (q) between two consective quantization levels is fixed and is "q =
> Vin/2^N" where 'q' is the quantization step, 'Vin' is the total range of
> quantizer and 'N' are the effective number of bits of quantizer.
>
> Now I want to determine the path which the signal is following between two
> consective quantization levels. i.e weather it is a straight line, a curve
> etc.
>
> Thanks in advance for your ideas.
>
>
> This message was sent using the Comp.DSP web interface on
> www.DSPRelated.com
You should arrange to take extra samples of the signal at infinitely
close time intervals and using an infinite number of quantisation
levels so that you can plot the now continuous path that the signal
takes between your original samples.
Ian
Reply by qaisar●October 13, 20052005-10-13
I am digitizing the sampled signal be using a uniform quantizer, so the
step (q) between two consective quantization levels is fixed and is "q =
Vin/2^N" where 'q' is the quantization step, 'Vin' is the total range of
quantizer and 'N' are the effective number of bits of quantizer.
Now I want to determine the path which the signal is following between two
consective quantization levels. i.e weather it is a straight line, a curve
etc.
Thanks in advance for your ideas.
This message was sent using the Comp.DSP web interface on
www.DSPRelated.com