"intermediate frequency" I meant.

Dam you spell checker, why can't you correct my stupidity as well.

"Thomas Magma" <somewhere@overtherainbow.com> wrote in message 
news:v781g.35488$7a.32313@pd7tw1no...
> In the equation for negative images f(K)=IF + K * Fs where IF is the 
> intermittent frequency being sampled and K is an integer, it appears that 
> your third negative image is falling at 3/4 Fs. If you want it to fall at 
> 1/4 Fs you have to sample your 60MHz at 18.46MHz.
>
> Thomas
>
> "anu" <ras_hi25@yahoo.com> wrote in message 
> news:1145331252.151439.137000@v46g2000cwv.googlegroups.com...
>> MY band of interest is 5 MHz and Fc=60MHz.My problem is i am not able
>> to visulaize the signal after sampling.As after sampling my information
>> should lie in first Nyquist zone ie between 0 to Fs/2.
>>
>
> 

"anu" <ras_hi25@yahoo.com> wrote in message 
news:1145331252.151439.137000@v46g2000cwv.googlegroups.com...
> MY band of interest is 5 MHz and Fc=60MHz.
But you have already said Fc=60MHz ; what Bhaskar was asking is what do you 
mean by Fc? Is it the center of your band of interest for example?
> My problem is i am not able
> to visulaize the signal after sampling.As after sampling my information
> should lie in first Nyquist zone ie between 0 to Fs/2.
>
So why not get hold of a free soft-sys like scilib then generate two or more 
uneven amplitude sinusoids at Fc+/-2.5MHz and see what they look like when 
you only sample every 1/16 microseconds?   You can plot them, you can add 
noise, jitter what have you and look at the output, look at DFT's of the 
output, try different frequencies, all sorts of nice aids for visualisation.

Best of Luck - Mike

In the equation for negative images f(K)=IF + K * Fs where IF is the 
intermittent frequency being sampled and K is an integer, it appears that 
your third negative image is falling at 3/4 Fs. If you want it to fall at 
1/4 Fs you have to sample your 60MHz at 18.46MHz.

Thomas

"anu" <ras_hi25@yahoo.com> wrote in message 
news:1145331252.151439.137000@v46g2000cwv.googlegroups.com...
> MY band of interest is 5 MHz and Fc=60MHz.My problem is i am not able
> to visulaize the signal after sampling.As after sampling my information
> should lie in first Nyquist zone ie between 0 to Fs/2.
> 

anu wrote:
> MY band of interest is 5 MHz and Fc=60MHz.My problem is i am not able
> to visulaize the signal after sampling.As after sampling my information
> should lie in first Nyquist zone ie between 0 to Fs/2.

The best overall discussion of sub-band sampling is early in Lyons' 
"Understanding Digital Signal Processing.". You will need to filter out 
extraneous signals not in your band of interest before sampling.

One way to look at sub-band sampling is as controlled aliasing. When 
sampling at baseband, frequencies higher than Fs/2 appear shifted or 
reflected and shifted into baseband. When the frequencies above Fs/2 are 
the only ones present in the sampler input, the alias frequencies, 
rather than interfering, can accurately represent the sampled signal.

There are restrictions on the range of sampling frequencies that can 
accurately capture the information in any particular band. Sampling at 
more than twice the bandwidth of interest is a given -- Nyquist will not 
be denied -- but it is also necessary to avoid any "folding". Lyons lays 
it all out very clearly.

Jerry
-- 
Engineering is the art of making what you want from things you can get.
�����������������������������������������������������������������������

thanks for ur help.what i was thinking is that my entire band of signal
ie 2B will lie Between 0 to fs/2 and same is mirrored in between 0 to
-fs/2.one more help if after sampling my output of sampler is going to
a mixer than what should be the beating frequency of my
oscillator.thanks again

>MY band of interest is 5 MHz and Fc=60MHz.My problem is i am not able
>to visulaize the signal after sampling.As after sampling my information
>should lie in first Nyquist zone ie between 0 to Fs/2.
>
>

For a time being forget the bandpass sampling theorem and consider the
original theorem. If you have a sinusoid with a frequency fb and you are
sampling it at a frequency fs, such that fs >= 2 * fb. Now you represent
the sampled signal in frequency domain, at the frequency fb, between 0 and
fs/2. Also it will be mirrored in between -fs/2 and 0. But the replica of
the sample can be found as fs + fc and fs - fc, also in 2fs + fc and 2fs -
fc. So it is the property of the sampling that in frequency domain an
infinite replica of the sampled signal will be present in an intervel of
fs in between.

Now, let us come back to the baseband sampling theorem. If you say that
your signal is in the band 2B, then your highest frequency is fc + B and
the lowest is fc - B. This is nothing but a signal in between -B and +B
with zero as the center frequency, which is modulated with the carrier
frequency fc, resulting in a frequency shift. We can consider this as a
set of sinusoids with highest frequency as B. This is true, since any
signal can be represented as a set of sinusoids as per Fourier. So you
need to sample it with fs = 2 * B. Drawing the same analogy as in the
original sampling theorem, now you can say that the frequency spectrum of
the sampled signal will be found in between -fs/2 and fs/2. Similarly
there will be infinite such replica.

Can you visualize it now?

- Krishna

MY band of interest is 5 MHz and Fc=60MHz.My problem is i am not able
to visulaize the signal after sampling.As after sampling my information
should lie in first Nyquist zone ie between 0 to Fs/2.

anu wrote:
> hello friends

> ... BW =5MHZ ...

Is that the bandwidth of interest, or the band outside which there is no 
signal?

Jerry
-- 
Engineering is the art of making what you want from things you can get.
�����������������������������������������������������������������������

Anu,

I assume that Fc is the carrier frequency.  If you look up aliasing,
you should be able to find what you are looking for.  Be aware that
your signal will not be properly centered about DC once you sample it
at 16 MHz.

If you are using an actual ADC (analog to digital converter) you will
have to make sure that its analog bandwidth is greater than 60 MHz.  If
not, your sampled signal will be attenuated.

You can probably ignore this part, but if you are interested... your
sampled signal will experience the effect of jitter around the 60 MHz
range so keep this in mind when you look at the signal quality.

I hope that this helps.

"anu" <ras_hi25@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1145271867.400682.255480@e56g2000cwe.googlegroups.com...
> hello friends
> i need help regarding bandpass sampling i can see that already lot of
> discussion had taken in this topic and but i am getting confused after
> reading those discussion
> i am having a signal of BW =5MHZ and my Fc=60 Mhz i want to sample this
> signal with Fsamp=16MHZ ,(according to sampling theorem my sampling
> frequency should be Fsamp>2BW.) and after sampling my signal will lie
> in the first nyquist zone (0 to FS/2).
> My problem is i am not able to visualize this signal in frequency
> domain how the spectrum will look like.

What is Fc here?