Hello, I am sure this is a pretty simple question, but I am having some ambiguity. I need to confirm what is happening exactly. Any information is really appreciated. So this is a Sharc DSP I am working with. Question is pretty simple. Rn = FIX Fx; FIX description from the manual is as follows: "Converts the floating-point operand in Fx to a twos-complement 32-bit fixed-point integer result. If the MODE1 register TRUNC bit=1, the FIX operation truncates the mantissa towards –Infinity. If the TRUNC bit=0, the FIX operation rounds the mantissa towards the nearest integer. The TRUNC operation always truncates toward 0. Note that the TRUNC bit does not influence operation of the TRUNC instruction." Now the problem is, what is the "floating point OPERAND"? The mantissa is always a fractional value with one digit left to the decimal point. For example, the floating point will be something like -2.345*(10-5) or 5.678*(10+8), and the mantissa will be 2.345 or 5.678. Now, when it says the mantissa towards -inifinity or nearest integer, that means the fixed-point value will be -2 or 5 (according to the above example values)? Which definitely cannot be the case since we have 32-bits. Could somebody please explain. Cheers.
Floating-point to Fixed-point in (Sharc) DSP
Started by ●June 3, 2010
Reply by ●June 3, 20102010-06-03
On 6/3/2010 5:07 AM, m26k9 wrote:> Hello, > > I am sure this is a pretty simple question, but I am having some ambiguity. > I need to confirm what is happening exactly. Any information is really > appreciated. > > So this is a Sharc DSP I am working with. Question is pretty simple. > > Rn = FIX Fx; > > FIX description from the manual is as follows: > "Converts the floating-point operand in Fx to a twos-complement 32-bit > fixed-point integer result. If the MODE1 register TRUNC bit=1, the FIX > operation truncates the mantissa towards –Infinity. If the TRUNC bit=0, > the FIX operation rounds the mantissa towards the nearest integer. The > TRUNC operation always truncates toward 0. Note that the TRUNC bit > does not influence operation of the TRUNC instruction." > > > Now the problem is, what is the "floating point OPERAND"? > The mantissa is always a fractional value with one digit left to the > decimal point. For example, the floating point will be something like > -2.345*(10-5) or 5.678*(10+8), and the mantissa will be 2.345 or 5.678. > Now, when it says the mantissa towards -inifinity or nearest integer, that > means the fixed-point value will be -2 or 5 (according to the above example > values)? Which definitely cannot be the case since we have 32-bits. > > Could somebody please explain.Your best bet is trying it and examining the result. My guesses are "operand" is the entire number, which you can consider as a whole in any base/ Instead of considering the individual bits, Base 10 will make thinking easier. So 2.644e2 converts to 264.4, which has some binary representation. (Work it out.) Then apply the truncate/round rules to the result. The difference between truncating and rounding is either 1 or 0. Jerry -- Engineering is the art of making what you want from things you can get. ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Reply by ●June 6, 20102010-06-06
> >Your best bet is trying it and examining the result. My guesses are > >"operand" is the entire number, which you can consider as a whole in any >base/ Instead of considering the individual bits, Base 10 will make >thinking easier. So 2.644e2 converts to 264.4, which has some binary >representation. (Work it out.) Then apply the truncate/round rules to >the result. The difference between truncating and rounding is either 1 or0.> >JerryThank you Jerry. Unfortunately I'm just starting out with assembly and am given the task of finding the algorithm of someone else's code. Unfortunately I have experience nor the time to carry this out. I need to understand how a floating-point value will be converted to a "signed integer fixed-point" value to go through the code and report what is happening. I guess it depends on the DSP I am using too. Thank you again.
Reply by ●June 6, 20102010-06-06
m26k9 <maduranga.liyanage@n_o_s_p_a_m.gmail.com> wrote: (snip)> Unfortunately I'm just starting out with assembly and am given the task of > finding the algorithm of someone else's code. Unfortunately I have > experience nor the time to carry this out. I need to understand how a > floating-point value will be converted to a "signed integer fixed-point" > value to go through the code and report what is happening. I guess it > depends on the DSP I am using too.It depends on the DSP and the needed range. It is somewhat easier if you don't need all the bits in the floating point value, as would be the case with 32 bit float and 16 bit int. For unsigned 16 bit fixed to 32 bit float, store the int into the low half of a 32 bit word with the appropriate exponent, then load it as a floating point value. If there is no 'hidden one', all you need to do is normalize the result, which adding zero will do on many machines. If there is a hidden one, then subtract the value with the same exponent as use previously with all the other bits zero, which will then normalize the result. For twos complement, invert the high bit first, which results in an unsigned value 32768 higher than the original value. Convert as above, and subtract 32768. For 32 bit float to 16 bit int, pretty much reverse the above, though you should check that the value is in range first. -- glen
Reply by ●June 6, 20102010-06-06
>m26k9 <maduranga.liyanage@n_o_s_p_a_m.gmail.com> wrote: >(snip) > >> Unfortunately I'm just starting out with assembly and am given the taskof>> finding the algorithm of someone else's code. Unfortunately I have >> experience nor the time to carry this out. I need to understand how a >> floating-point value will be converted to a "signed integerfixed-point">> value to go through the code and report what is happening. I guess it >> depends on the DSP I am using too. > >It depends on the DSP and the needed range. It is somewhat easier >if you don't need all the bits in the floating point value, as >would be the case with 32 bit float and 16 bit int. > >For unsigned 16 bit fixed to 32 bit float, store the int into >the low half of a 32 bit word with the appropriate exponent, >then load it as a floating point value. If there is no >'hidden one', all you need to do is normalize the result, >which adding zero will do on many machines. If there is >a hidden one, then subtract the value with the same exponent >as use previously with all the other bits zero, which will >then normalize the result. > >For twos complement, invert the high bit first, which results >in an unsigned value 32768 higher than the original value. >Convert as above, and subtract 32768. > >For 32 bit float to 16 bit int, pretty much reverse the above, >though you should check that the value is in range first. > >-- glen >Thank you very much Glen. I think it is what I needed to know. I will go through your explanation again and see thourouhly. And also thank you for that part on inverting the MSB. There was a line which did that and I wasn't sure what it was supposed to do. Thank you heaps.
Reply by ●June 6, 20102010-06-06
On 06/03/2010 02:07 AM, m26k9 wrote:> Hello, > > I am sure this is a pretty simple question, but I am having some ambiguity. > I need to confirm what is happening exactly. Any information is really > appreciated. > > So this is a Sharc DSP I am working with. Question is pretty simple. > > Rn = FIX Fx; > > FIX description from the manual is as follows: > "Converts the floating-point operand in Fx to a twos-complement 32-bit > fixed-point integer result. If the MODE1 register TRUNC bit=1, the FIX > operation truncates the mantissa towards –Infinity. If the TRUNC bit=0, > the FIX operation rounds the mantissa towards the nearest integer. The > TRUNC operation always truncates toward 0. Note that the TRUNC bit > does not influence operation of the TRUNC instruction." > > > Now the problem is, what is the "floating point OPERAND"? > The mantissa is always a fractional value with one digit left to the > decimal point. For example, the floating point will be something like > -2.345*(10-5) or 5.678*(10+8), and the mantissa will be 2.345 or 5.678.Not quite. It's binary floating point, so the exponent is in powers of 2. If it's IEEE-like, the mantissa will be unsigned with a sign bit somewhere in the word. I _think_ IEEE exponents are signed 2-s compliment, but they may be sign-magnitude as well. Learning a bit about the floating point representation of the machine would be a good thing.> Now, when it says the mantissa towards -inifinity or nearest integer, that > means the fixed-point value will be -2 or 5 (according to the above example > values)? Which definitely cannot be the case since we have 32-bits. > > Could somebody please explain. > > Cheers.Do you have a way to check this on a real machine, preferably with a debugger? I can't imagine that's what they mean to do. It would make far more sense that the conversion is to first calculate where the radix point* is in the mantissa, make it into an integer + fractional bits, then truncate or round. * It's base two, so it's not a decimal point. -- Tim Wescott Control system and signal processing consulting www.wescottdesign.com
Reply by ●June 6, 20102010-06-06
On 6/6/10 2:05 PM, Tim Wescott wrote:> On 06/03/2010 02:07 AM, m26k9 wrote: >> Hello, >> >> I am sure this is a pretty simple question, but I am having some >> ambiguity. >> I need to confirm what is happening exactly. Any information is really >> appreciated. >> >> So this is a Sharc DSP I am working with. Question is pretty simple. >> >> Rn = FIX Fx; >> >> FIX description from the manual is as follows: >> "Converts the floating-point operand in Fx to a twos-complement 32-bit >> fixed-point integer result. If the MODE1 register TRUNC bit=1, the FIX >> operation truncates the mantissa towards –Infinity. If the TRUNC bit=0, >> the FIX operation rounds the mantissa towards the nearest integer. The >> TRUNC operation always truncates toward 0. Note that the TRUNC bit >> does not influence operation of the TRUNC instruction." >> >> >> Now the problem is, what is the "floating point OPERAND"? >> The mantissa is always a fractional value with one digit left to the >> decimal point. For example, the floating point will be something like >> -2.345*(10-5) or 5.678*(10+8), and the mantissa will be 2.345 or 5.678. > > Not quite. It's binary floating point, so the exponent is in powers of > 2. If it's IEEE-like, the mantissa will be unsigned with a sign bit > somewhere in the word. I _think_ IEEE exponents are signed 2-s > compliment, but they may be sign-magnitude as well.IEEE exponents are unsigned, but they have a bias so the an exponent value of the bias represents a true exponent of 0. The mantissa might also have a hidden 1 bit, as someone else mentioned.> > Learning a bit about the floating point representation of the machine > would be a good thing. > >> Now, when it says the mantissa towards -inifinity or nearest integer, >> that >> means the fixed-point value will be -2 or 5 (according to the above >> example >> values)? Which definitely cannot be the case since we have 32-bits. >> >> Could somebody please explain. >> >> Cheers. > > Do you have a way to check this on a real machine, preferably with a > debugger? I can't imagine that's what they mean to do. It would makeI agree with that. If they really meant the mantissa and it's binary floating point, the only possible values of that instruction are 0, +/-1 and +/- 2 (I think). Hardly useful. The conversion surely takes into account the exponent and probably does what you would think it would do, so -2.345e-5 becomes 0 and 5.678e8 is 567800000. (Assuming base 10 for simplicity). Ray
Reply by ●June 6, 20102010-06-06
On 3 jun, 11:07, "m26k9" <maduranga.liyanage@n_o_s_p_a_m.gmail.com> wrote:> Hello, > > I am sure this is a pretty simple question, but I am having some ambiguity. > I need to confirm what is happening exactly. �Any information is really > appreciated. > > So this is a Sharc DSP I am working with. Question is pretty simple. > > Rn = FIX Fx; > > FIX description from the manual is as follows: > "Converts the floating-point operand in Fx to a twos-complement 32-bit > fixed-point integer result. If the MODE1 register TRUNC bit=1, the FIX > operation truncates the mantissa towards �Infinity. If the TRUNC bit=0, > the FIX operation rounds the mantissa towards the nearest integer. The > TRUNC operation always truncates toward 0. Note that the TRUNC bit > does not influence operation of the TRUNC instruction." > > Now the problem is, what is the "floating point OPERAND"? > The mantissa is always a fractional value with one digit left to the > decimal point. For example, the floating point will be something like > -2.345*(10-5) or 5.678*(10+8), and the mantissa will be 2.345 or 5.678. > Now, when it says the mantissa towards -inifinity or nearest integer, that > means the fixed-point value will be -2 or 5 (according to the above example > values)? Which definitely cannot be the case since we have 32-bits. > > Could somebody please explain. > > Cheers.Hi, The operand is Fx. For instance: R1 = FIX F0; Converts the floating point value stored in F0 to a fixed point value stored in R1. Say F0 stores the value 123.456; aplying the above instruction will store the value 123 in R1. Could not be easier, thanks to SHARCs! JaaC
Reply by ●June 7, 20102010-06-07
In article <g7CdnVzpH6pQ7ZrRnZ2dnUVZ_qednZ2d@giganews.com>, m26k9 <maduranga.liyanage@n_o_s_p_a_m.gmail.com> wrote:>Hello, > >I am sure this is a pretty simple question, but I am having some ambiguity. >I need to confirm what is happening exactly. Any information is really >appreciated. > >So this is a Sharc DSP I am working with. Question is pretty simple. > >Rn = FIX Fx; > >FIX description from the manual is as follows: >"Converts the floating-point operand in Fx to a twos-complement 32-bit >fixed-point integer result. If the MODE1 register TRUNC bit=1, the FIX >operation truncates the mantissa towards -Infinity. If the TRUNC bit=0, >the FIX operation rounds the mantissa towards the nearest integer. The >TRUNC operation always truncates toward 0. Note that the TRUNC bit >does not influence operation of the TRUNC instruction." > > >Now the problem is, what is the "floating point OPERAND"? >The mantissa is always a fractional value with one digit left to the >decimal point. For example, the floating point will be something like >-2.345*(10-5) or 5.678*(10+8), and the mantissa will be 2.345 or 5.678.Start writing the fp numbers as fixed point. Write those numbers as - 0.00002345 and 57800000000.0 Truncating towards 0 means leaving off all behind the decimal point. Towards -infinity means leaving off a .000 or else the highest number that is still smaller, in those cases: -1 57800000000>Now, when it says the mantissa towards -inifinity or nearest integer, that >means the fixed-point value will be -2 or 5 (according to the above example >values)? Which definitely cannot be the case since we have 32-bits.The second number is too large for 32 bits. This probably results in the largest 32 bit number. Write a small test program if the manual leaves that unclear.> >Could somebody please explain. > >Cheers.Groetjes Albert -- -- Albert van der Horst, UTRECHT,THE NETHERLANDS Economic growth -- being exponential -- ultimately falters. albert@spe&ar&c.xs4all.nl &=n http://home.hccnet.nl/a.w.m.van.der.horst
Reply by ●June 7, 20102010-06-07
Dear Tim, Ray, Jaac and Albert. Thank you so much. I think I got it now. The SHARC uses IEEE single-precision format. So what I need to do is to write is as a decimal without an exponent, and round it to the possible integer? For example, the value is 2.345e-5, I write it as 0.00002345, which converted to fixed-point will give zero. If I had 2.345e+5, then I write 234500, so my fixed-point value is 234500. Thank you very much for the clarification. Cheers.
