I am making an application where several inputs has to be filtered. The filtering is a simple moving average filtering with a variable filter length. The problem is what happens when I connect these moving average filters in cascade? I know that I will get some aliasing, but how big is the aliasing problem? The scenario is as follows: The fastest sampling rate of the system is 100 Hz. I connect a number of filters in cascade, i.e. is use the output of the first filter as input to the next. Between the filters I downsample the signal with factor M (M = fs x k, where k is an integer larger than 1). I know that one are suppose to use anti aliasing filters when downsampling to avoid aliasing, but if I use these AA filters, the beatiful simplicity of the system is lost. So I am willing to accept some aliasing, but I cannot figure out how much aliasing I will get. To make my problem clearer, here is an example: Two filters connected in cascade with downsampling in between. Both filters are 2 point moving average filters. The input to the first filter is sampled at 100 Hz. The averaged output of the first filter is downsampled by a factor 2, to 50 Hz. This signal is used as input to the next filter. Input to filter 1: x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, ... Output of the first filter: (x1+x2)/2, (x2+x3)/2, (x3+x4)/2, (x4+x5)/2, ... after downsampling by 2 (reomve every second sample): (x1+x2)/2, (x3+x4)/2, (x5+x6)/2, ... which is input to the second filter. Output of the second filter:(x1+x2)/2 + (x3+x4)/2 (x5+x6)/2 + (x7+x8)/2 ---------------------, ---------------------,.. 2 2 which eaquals: x1/4 + x2/4 + x3/4 + x4/4, x5/4 + x6/4 + x7/4 + x8/4, ..... It seems to me as the two 2-point MA filters in cascade with downsampling inbetween results in a 4-point MA filter. So to sum up: How big a problem is the aliasing?
Average the averages
Started by ●October 9, 2006
Reply by ●October 9, 20062006-10-09
The frequency response of your "filter" should be a si function, as you use a rect time window. Correct? Best regards, Andre sorenbirk wrote:> I am making an application where several inputs has to be filtered. The > filtering is a simple moving average filtering with a variable filter > length. The problem is what happens when I connect these moving average > filters in cascade? I know that I will get some aliasing, but how big is > the aliasing problem? The scenario is as follows: > > The fastest sampling rate of the system is 100 Hz. I connect a number of > filters in cascade, i.e. is use the output of the first filter as input to > the next. Between the filters I downsample the signal with factor M (M = fs > x k, where k is an integer larger than 1). I know that one are suppose to > use anti aliasing filters when downsampling to avoid aliasing, but if I > use these AA filters, the beatiful simplicity of the system is lost. So I > am willing to accept some aliasing, but I cannot figure out how much > aliasing I will get. To make my problem clearer, here is an example: Two > filters connected in cascade with downsampling in between. Both filters > are 2 point moving average filters. The input to the first filter is > sampled at 100 Hz. The averaged output of the first filter is downsampled > by a factor 2, to 50 Hz. This signal is used as input to the next filter. > > Input to filter 1: x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, ... > > Output of the first filter: (x1+x2)/2, (x2+x3)/2, (x3+x4)/2, (x4+x5)/2, > .. > > after downsampling by 2 (reomve every second sample): (x1+x2)/2, > (x3+x4)/2, (x5+x6)/2, ... > > which is input to the second filter. > > Output of the second filter:(x1+x2)/2 + (x3+x4)/2 (x5+x6)/2 + (x7+x8)/2 > ---------------------, ---------------------,.. > 2 2 > > which eaquals: x1/4 + x2/4 + x3/4 + x4/4, x5/4 + x6/4 + x7/4 + x8/4, > .... > > It seems to me as the two 2-point MA filters in cascade with downsampling > inbetween results in a 4-point MA filter. So to sum up: How big a problem > is the aliasing? > > >-- For emailing me, please exchange abuse by a . l o d w i g
Reply by ●October 9, 20062006-10-09
>I am making an application where several inputs has to be filtered. The >filtering is a simple moving average filtering with a variable filter >length. The problem is what happens when I connect these moving average >filters in cascade? I know that I will get some aliasing, but how big is >the aliasing problem? The scenario is as follows: > >The fastest sampling rate of the system is 100 Hz. I connect a number of >filters in cascade, i.e. is use the output of the first filter as inputto>the next. Between the filters I downsample the signal with factor M (M =fs>x k, where k is an integer larger than 1). I know that one are supposeto>use anti aliasing filters when downsampling to avoid aliasing, but if I >use these AA filters, the beatiful simplicity of the system is lost. SoI>am willing to accept some aliasing, but I cannot figure out how much >aliasing I will get. To make my problem clearer, here is an example: Two >filters connected in cascade with downsampling in between. Both filters >are 2 point moving average filters. The input to the first filter is >sampled at 100 Hz. The averaged output of the first filter isdownsampled>by a factor 2, to 50 Hz. This signal is used as input to the nextfilter.> >Input to filter 1: x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, ... > >Output of the first filter: (x1+x2)/2, (x2+x3)/2, (x3+x4)/2, (x4+x5)/2, >... > >after downsampling by 2 (reomve every second sample): (x1+x2)/2, >(x3+x4)/2, (x5+x6)/2, ... > >which is input to the second filter. > >Output of the second filter:(x1+x2)/2 + (x3+x4)/2 (x5+x6)/2 + (x7+x8)/2 > ---------------------, ---------------------,.. > 2 2 > >which eaquals: x1/4 + x2/4 + x3/4 + x4/4, x5/4 + x6/4 + x7/4 + x8/4, >..... > >It seems to me as the two 2-point MA filters in cascade withdownsampling>inbetween results in a 4-point MA filter. So to sum up: How big aproblem>is the aliasing? > > > >Sorry about the layout. The output of the second filter is (x1+x2)/2 + (x3+x4)/2 (x5+x6)/2 + (x7+x8)/2 ---------------------, ---------------------,... 2 2
Reply by ●October 9, 20062006-10-09
Hi Andre Yes, that is correct.>The frequency response of your "filter" should be a si function, as you >use a rect time window. Correct? > >Best regards, > >Andre > >sorenbirk wrote: >> I am making an application where several inputs has to be filtered.The>> filtering is a simple moving average filtering with a variable filter >> length. The problem is what happens when I connect these movingaverage>> filters in cascade? I know that I will get some aliasing, but how bigis>> the aliasing problem? The scenario is as follows: >> >> The fastest sampling rate of the system is 100 Hz. I connect a numberof>> filters in cascade, i.e. is use the output of the first filter as inputto>> the next. Between the filters I downsample the signal with factor M (M= fs>> x k, where k is an integer larger than 1). I know that one are supposeto>> use anti aliasing filters when downsampling to avoid aliasing, but ifI>> use these AA filters, the beatiful simplicity of the system is lost.So I>> am willing to accept some aliasing, but I cannot figure out how much >> aliasing I will get. To make my problem clearer, here is an example:Two>> filters connected in cascade with downsampling in between. Bothfilters>> are 2 point moving average filters. The input to the first filter is >> sampled at 100 Hz. The averaged output of the first filter isdownsampled>> by a factor 2, to 50 Hz. This signal is used as input to the nextfilter.>> >> Input to filter 1: x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, ... >> >> Output of the first filter: (x1+x2)/2, (x2+x3)/2, (x3+x4)/2,(x4+x5)/2,>> .. >> >> after downsampling by 2 (reomve every second sample): (x1+x2)/2, >> (x3+x4)/2, (x5+x6)/2, ... >> >> which is input to the second filter. >> >> Output of the second filter:(x1+x2)/2 + (x3+x4)/2 (x5+x6)/2 +(x7+x8)/2>> ---------------------, ---------------------,.. >> 2 2 >> >> which eaquals: x1/4 + x2/4 + x3/4 + x4/4, x5/4 + x6/4 + x7/4 + x8/4, >> .... >> >> It seems to me as the two 2-point MA filters in cascade withdownsampling>> inbetween results in a 4-point MA filter. So to sum up: How big aproblem>> is the aliasing? >> >> >> > > >-- > >For emailing me, please exchange abuse by >a . l o d w i g > >