Am I reinventing Goertzel etc?

Martin Blume wrote:

> "Tim Wescott"  schrieb
> 
>>>pseudo code in Scilab notation
>>>
>>>time=[start_time:(1/sample_rate):(start_time+N/sample_rate)];
>>>signal = S[1:N];
>>>analysis_real=sin(2*%pi*time);
>>>analysis_imag=cos(2*%pi*time);
>>>output=((signal*analysis_real')^2 +(signal*analysis_imag')^2)^.5
>>>
>>>Is that Goertzel?
>>>
>>>or
>>>Could someone point me to source code for Goertzel
>>>in BASIC or FORTRAN?
>>>I've found C/C++ source but I don't read C.
>>
>>The Goertzel algorithm uses an IIR filter with special properties
> 
> to
> 
>>emulate an FIR filter.  You're implementing the FIR filter itself,
> 
> which
> 
>>is arguably a better approach to the task.
>>
>>Absent of odd numerical effects, your algorithm will do the
>>same as the Goertzel.
>>
> 
> Sorry for being so dumb, could you elucidate a little bit more just
> how
> this is equivalent to a Goertzel algorithm? For instance, where does
> the frequency of interest for the filter come in?
> 
> I'm not fluent in Scilab, what does the "%" in
> 
>> analysis_real = sin(2*%pi*time)
> 
> mean? Shouldn't there be a frequency term somewhere in this formula?
> What does sin(12 seconds) mean?
> 
> Please help me.
> Martin
> 

I can answer the second question. I suspect it will answer most of your 
first.

Scilab uses % as a prefix for predefined constants. In this case %pi is 
3.14....
Frequency has an implied value of 1. It would have been clearer if I had 
written
     analysis_real=sin(2*%pi*analysis_frequency*time)
[ Tim automatically translates from Owlett to reality ;o>

On Sat, 17 Nov 2007 17:02:54 +0100, Martin Blume wrote:

> "Tim Wescott"  schrieb
>>
>> > pseudo code in Scilab notation
>> >
>> > time=[start_time:(1/sample_rate):(start_time+N/sample_rate)];
>> > signal = S[1:N];
>> > analysis_real=sin(2*%pi*time);
>> > analysis_imag=cos(2*%pi*time);
>> > output=((signal*analysis_real')^2 +(signal*analysis_imag')^2)^.5
>> >
>> > Is that Goertzel?
>> >
>> > or
>> > Could someone point me to source code for Goertzel
>> > in BASIC or FORTRAN?
>> > I've found C/C++ source but I don't read C.
>>
>> The Goertzel algorithm uses an IIR filter with special properties
> to
>> emulate an FIR filter.  You're implementing the FIR filter itself,
> which
>> is arguably a better approach to the task.
>>
>> Absent of odd numerical effects, your algorithm will do the
>> same as the Goertzel.
>>
> Sorry for being so dumb, could you elucidate a little bit more just
> how
> this is equivalent to a Goertzel algorithm? For instance, where does
> the frequency of interest for the filter come in?
> 
> I'm not fluent in Scilab, what does the "%" in
>>  analysis_real = sin(2*%pi*time)
> mean? Shouldn't there be a frequency term somewhere in this formula?
> What does sin(12 seconds) mean?
> 
> Please help me.
> Martin

I didn't see the "sin(12 seconds)", so I can't comment.

Scilab uses '%' to denote built-in variables; %pi is Pi: 3.14159 (etc).
Similarly, %i is sqrt(-1), and %e is the base of the natural logarithm.

The frequency term in the above example is 2 Pi (2*%pi).

The action of the Goertzel algorithm is to run the signal through a
bandpass filter with a resonant frequency at the frequency of interest and
damping ratio of zero for some period of time, then stop and look at the
amount of energy that's been collected by the filter. 

You'll also see the filter referred to as a "forced digital oscillator" or
as having "poles on the unit circle" -- all of these statements are true,
and mean the same thing. What they mean is that the filter has an impulse
response that's a perfect sine wave.

The action of an IIR filter is to take it's input and convolve it by it's
impulse response.  Convolution is, well, convoluted, but in this case it
means multiplying the input by a sine wave, point by point, and adding up
the result.  That is what Richard's process is doing:  he's multiplying
the signal by a sine wave, and by the same thing in quadrature to capture
_all_ the energy, then at the end he's measuring the energy he's captured
in his filter.  The FIR filter part of his algorithm is a one-frequency
discrete Fourier transform, or DFT. The difference between his filter and a
'true' Goertzel is that the Goertzel uses an IIR filter as it's kernel,
where Richard's DFT method uses an FIR filter.  Taken as a black box, the
two algorithms work the same -- they just require different processor
resources to achieve their goals with reasonable accuracy.

-- 
Tim Wescott
Control systems and communications consulting
http://www.wescottdesign.com

Need to learn how to apply control theory in your embedded system?
"Applied Control Theory for Embedded Systems" by Tim Wescott
Elsevier/Newnes, http://www.wescottdesign.com/actfes/actfes.html

"Tim Wescott" schrieb
> > I'm not fluent in Scilab, what does the "%" in
> >       analysis_real = sin(2*%pi*time)
> > mean?
> > Shouldn't there be a frequency term somewhere
> > in this formula?
> > What does sin(12 seconds) mean?
> >
>
> I didn't see the "sin(12 seconds)", so I can't comment.
>
As Richard wrote, the frequency is implicitly assumed to be 1.
I was stumbling over the sin(time) term, so I was wondering
whether the frequency was missing.

> Scilab uses '%' to denote built-in variables;
> %pi is Pi: 3.14159 (etc). Similarly, %i is sqrt(-1),
>  and %e is the base of the natural logarithm.
>
Ahh, thanks.

> The frequency term in the above example is 2 Pi (2*%pi).
>
> The action of the Goertzel algorithm is to run the signal through
a
> bandpass filter with a resonant frequency at the frequency of
interest and
> damping ratio of zero for some period of time, then stop and look
at the
> amount of energy that's been collected by the filter.
>
> You'll also see the filter referred to as a "forced digital
oscillator" or
> as having "poles on the unit circle" -- all of these statements
are true,
> and mean the same thing. What they mean is that the filter has an
impulse
> response that's a perfect sine wave.
>
> The action of an IIR filter is to take it's input and convolve it
by it's
> impulse response.  Convolution is, well, convoluted, but in this
case it
> means multiplying the input by a sine wave, point by point, and
adding up
> the result.  That is what Richard's process is doing:  he's
multiplying
> the signal by a sine wave, and by the same thing in quadrature to
capture
> _all_ the energy, then at the end he's measuring the energy he's
captured
> in his filter.  The FIR filter part of his algorithm is a
one-frequency
> discrete Fourier transform, or DFT. The difference between his
filter and a
> 'true' Goertzel is that the Goertzel uses an IIR filter as it's
kernel,
> where Richard's DFT method uses an FIR filter.  Taken as a black
box, the
> two algorithms work the same -- they just require different
processor
> resources to achieve their goals with reasonable accuracy.
>
Thanks for the explanation.

Regards
Martin

On Nov 16, 5:31 am, Richard Owlett <rowl...@atlascomm.net> wrote:
> Could someone point me to source code for Goertzel in BASIC ... ?

Here's one which Clay Turner posted in another thread, converted
to generic BASIC:

  k = 2 * sin(pi * f0 / sr)
  y1 = 0
  y2 = 0
  for j = 1 to n
    y2 = y2 - k * y1 + my_signal(j)
    y1 = y1 + k * y2
  next j
  goertzel_result = 2 * sqrt(y1*y1 + y2*y2 - k*y1*y2) / n


Works in Chipmunk Basic: http://www.nicholson.com/rhn/basic


IMHO. YMMV.
--
rhn A.T nicholson d.0.t C-o-M