## Minimum-Phase and Causal Cepstra

To show that a frequency response is minimum phase if and only if the corresponding cepstrum is causal, we may take the log of the corresponding transfer function, obtaining a sum of terms of the form for the zeros and for the poles. Since all poles and zeros of a minimum-phase system must be inside the unit circle of the plane, the Laurent expansion of all such terms (the cepstrum) must be causal. In practice, as discussed in [263], we may compute an approximate cepstrum as an inverse FFT of the log spectrum, and make it causal by flipping'' the negative-time cepstral coefficients around to positive time (adding them to the positive-time coefficients). That is , for and for . This effectively inverts all unstable poles and all non-minimum-phase zeros with respect to the unit circle. In other terms, (if unstable), and (if non-minimum phase).

The Laurent expansion of a differentiable function of a complex variable can be thought of as a two-sided Taylor expansion, i.e., it includes both positive and negative powers of , e.g.,

 (5.26)

In digital signal processing, a Laurent series is typically expanded about points on the unit circle in the plane, because the unit circle--our frequency axis--must lie within the annulus of convergence of the series expansion in most applications. The power-of- terms are the noncausal terms, while the power-of- terms are considered causal. The term in the above general example is associated with time 0, and is included with the causal terms.

Next Section:
Optimal FIR Digital Filter Design
Previous Section:
Minimum-Phase Filter Design