Filtering and Downsampling
Because downsampling by
causes aliasing of any frequencies in the
original signal above
, the input signal may need to
be first lowpass-filtered to prevent this aliasing, as shown in
Fig.11.5.
Suppose we implement such an anti-aliasing lowpass filter
as an
FIR filter of length
with cut-off frequency
.12.1 This is drawn in direct form in
Fig.11.6.
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We do not need
out of every
filter output samples due to the
:
downsampler. To realize this savings, we can commute the
downsampler through the adders inside the FIR filter to obtain the
result shown in Fig.11.7. The multipliers are now running
at
times the sampling frequency of the input signal
.
This reduces the computation requirements by a factor of
. The
downsampler outputs in Fig.11.7 are called polyphase
signals. The overall system is a summed polyphase filter
bank in which each ``subphase filter'' is a constant scale factor
. As we will see, more general subphase filters can be used to
implement time-domain aliasing as needed for Portnoff windows
(§9.7).
We may describe the polyphase processing in the anti-aliasing filter of Fig.11.7 as follows:
- Subphase signal 0
(12.3)
is scaled by.
- Subphase signal 1
(12.4)
is scaled by,
- Subphase signal
.
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(12.5) |
which we recognize as a direct-form-convolution implementation of a length



The summed polyphase signals of Fig.11.7 can be interpreted
as ``serial to parallel conversion'' from an ``interleaved'' stream of
scalar samples
to a ``deinterleaved'' sequence of buffers (each
length
) every
samples, followed by an inner product of each
buffer with
. The same operation may be
visualized as a deinterleaving through variable gains into a running
sum, as shown in Fig.11.8.
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Two-Channel Case
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Downsampling (Decimation) Operator