Hi, I am writing an application to detect a particular frequency(viz. 4.5 Khz) in an input audio signal. I have written the code to capture the sound using a microphone; but I have to properly design a digital filter which will return TRUE as soon as it detects sound of this frequency in the input signal. Also my project demands that I have to detect the signal by looking at a very small number of samples e.g. 44. So I will apply the digital filter on a window of 44 samples of the input signal repeatedly till I get a high response indicating that I have got the reqd. frequency. I know DFT/FFT is an option but are there any better algorithms I can use for my project. Please suggest the best algorithm that will do my work. I am writing the code in C++ so if anyone can point me to existing code on the net that will be really helpful. Thanks, Atri.
Simple question regarding frequency detection
Started by ●February 20, 2004
Reply by ●February 20, 20042004-02-20
Atri Mandal wrote:> Hi, > I am writing an application to detect a particular frequency(viz. 4.5 > Khz) in an input audio signal. I have written the code to capture the > sound using a microphone; but I have to properly design a digital filter > which will return TRUE as soon as it detects sound of this frequency in > the input signal. Also my project demands that I have to detect the > signal by looking at a very small number of samples e.g. 44. So I will > apply the digital filter on a window of 44 samples of the input signal > repeatedly till I get a high response indicating that I have got the > reqd. frequency. > > I know DFT/FFT is an option but are there any better algorithms I can > use for my project. Please suggest the best algorithm that will do my > work. I am writing the code in C++ so if anyone can point me to existing > code on the net that will be really helpful. > > Thanks, > Atri. >Atri: Try the Goertzel algorithm. Good luck, OUP
Reply by ●February 20, 20042004-02-20
One Usenet Poster wrote:> Atri Mandal wrote: > >> Hi, >> I am writing an application to detect a particular frequency(viz. 4.5 >> Khz) in an input audio signal. I have written the code to capture the >> sound using a microphone; but I have to properly design a digital filter >> which will return TRUE as soon as it detects sound of this frequency in >> the input signal. Also my project demands that I have to detect the >> signal by looking at a very small number of samples e.g. 44. So I will >> apply the digital filter on a window of 44 samples of the input signal >> repeatedly till I get a high response indicating that I have got the >> reqd. frequency. >> >> I know DFT/FFT is an option but are there any better algorithms I can >> use for my project. Please suggest the best algorithm that will do my >> work. I am writing the code in C++ so if anyone can point me to existing >> code on the net that will be really helpful. >> >> Thanks, >> Atri. >> > > Atri: > > Try the Goertzel algorithm. > > Good luck, > OUP"44 samples" at what sample rate? Jerry -- Engineering is the art of making what you want from things you can get. �����������������������������������������������������������������������
Reply by ●February 20, 20042004-02-20
Atri Mandal <mandala@ics.uci.edu> wrote in message news:<40359D7A.12B15FED@ics.uci.edu>...> Hi, > I am writing an application to detect a particular frequency(viz. 4.5 > Khz) in an input audio signal. I have written the code to capture the > sound using a microphone; but I have to properly design a digital filter > which will return TRUE as soon as it detects sound of this frequency in > the input signal. Also my project demands that I have to detect the > signal by looking at a very small number of samples e.g. 44. So I will > apply the digital filter on a window of 44 samples of the input signal > repeatedly till I get a high response indicating that I have got the > reqd. frequency. > > I know DFT/FFT is an option but are there any better algorithms I can > use for my project. Please suggest the best algorithm that will do my > work. I am writing the code in C++ so if anyone can point me to existing > code on the net that will be really helpful. > > Thanks, > Atri.Here is Matlab code for the Goertzel algm if you just need a TRUE/FLASE indication. Set a threshold, and if y is greater than the threshold, then the frequency is detected. x = input vector f = frequency desired N = number of samples to test over Fs = sample frequency function y = goert(x,f,N,Fs) k = fix(0.5 + N*f/Fs); w = (2*pi/N)*k; coeff = 2 * cos(w); Q1 = 0; Q2 = 0; for j = 1:N Q0 = coeff * Q1 - Q2 + x(j); Q2 = Q1; Q1 = Q0; end y = sqrt(Q1^2 + Q2^2 - Q1 * Q2 * coeff); Here is code to test the alghm. Plot F aganist y to see the detector output as a function of frequency. fdet is the frequency desired N = number of samples to test over Fs = sample frequency function [F,y] = testgoert(fdet,N,Fs) t = 0:1/Fs:((1/Fs)*N - (1/Fs)); k = 1; for f = fix(fdet/2:(fdet/2)/15:fdet*2) x = sin(2*pi*f*t); y(k) = goert(x,fdet,N,Fs); F(k) = f; k = k + 1; end y = y(:); F = F(:); Maurice Givens
Reply by ●February 20, 20042004-02-20
Atri Mandal <mandala@ics.uci.edu> wrote in message news:<40359D7A.12B15FED@ics.uci.edu>...> Hi, > I am writing an application to detect a particular frequency (viz. > 4.5 Khz) in an input audio signal. I have written the code to > capture the sound using a microphone; but I have to properly design > a digital filter which will return TRUE as soon as it detects sound > of this frequency in the input signal. Also my project demands > that I have to detect the signal by looking at a very small number > of samples e.g. 44. So I will apply the digital filter on a window > of 44 samples of the input signal repeatedly till I get a high > response indicating that I have got the reqd. frequency. > > I know DFT/FFT is an option but are there any better algorithms > I can use for my project. Please suggest the best algorithm that > will do my work. I am writing the code in C++ so if anyone can > point me to existing code on the net that will be really helpful. > > Thanks, > Atri.I would be inclined to use regression to fit the sampled signal to: c1 + c2 cos(t 2Pi 4500Hz) + c3 sin(t 2Pi 4500Hz) The amplitude of the 4.5 KHz is then sqrt(c2^2 + c3^2). For best results, the model should also include background signals of known specific frequencies. The inverse matrix used in the regression can be calculated ahead of time since it doesn't change. / \ . | n Sum(cos) Sum(sin) | . A = | Sum(cos) Sum(cos^2) Sum(cos sin) | . | Sum(sin) Sum(cos sin) Sum(sin^2) | . \ / / \ / \ . | c1 | | Sum(y) | . C = | c2 | Y = | Sum(y cos) | . | c3 | | Sum(y sin) | . \ / \ / A C = Y C = A^-1 Y
Reply by ●February 20, 20042004-02-20
44 samples at 44.1K samples/sec. Thanks for all your help. I'll try out the Goertzel algorithm. -Atri. Jerry Avins wrote:> One Usenet Poster wrote: > > > Atri Mandal wrote: > > > >> Hi, > >> I am writing an application to detect a particular frequency(viz. 4.5 > >> Khz) in an input audio signal. I have written the code to capture the > >> sound using a microphone; but I have to properly design a digital filter > >> which will return TRUE as soon as it detects sound of this frequency in > >> the input signal. Also my project demands that I have to detect the > >> signal by looking at a very small number of samples e.g. 44. So I will > >> apply the digital filter on a window of 44 samples of the input signal > >> repeatedly till I get a high response indicating that I have got the > >> reqd. frequency. > >> > >> I know DFT/FFT is an option but are there any better algorithms I can > >> use for my project. Please suggest the best algorithm that will do my > >> work. I am writing the code in C++ so if anyone can point me to existing > >> code on the net that will be really helpful. > >> > >> Thanks, > >> Atri. > >> > > > > Atri: > > > > Try the Goertzel algorithm. > > > > Good luck, > > OUP > > "44 samples" at what sample rate? > > Jerry > -- > Engineering is the art of making what you want from things you can get. > �����������������������������������������������������������������������
Reply by ●February 20, 20042004-02-20
There is no detection bandwith specified. 1Khz, 100 Hz, 1 Hz, 0.1 Hz ? If you get a 4.8 KHz signal, should it be detected or not? The detection bandwidth is directly related to the amount of time you have to observe the signal. You are really trying to detect is about a 0.001 second burst of a 4.500 KHz tone. That is 4.5 cycles of wanted tone, which indicates that the detection bandwidth is very large. Noise and "selectivity" can be problems with wide bandwidth. Checkout the signal spectrum or FT of a tone burst. "Atri Mandal" <mandala@ics.uci.edu> wrote in message news:40366E19.D39D464C@ics.uci.edu...> 44 samples at 44.1K samples/sec. > Thanks for all your help. I'll try out the Goertzel algorithm. > -Atri. > > Jerry Avins wrote: > > > One Usenet Poster wrote: > > > > > Atri Mandal wrote: > > > > > >> Hi, > > >> I am writing an application to detect a particular frequency(viz. 4.5 > > >> Khz) in an input audio signal. I have written the code to capture the > > >> sound using a microphone; but I have to properly design a digitalfilter> > >> which will return TRUE as soon as it detects sound of this frequencyin> > >> the input signal. Also my project demands that I have to detect the > > >> signal by looking at a very small number of samples e.g. 44. So Iwill> > >> apply the digital filter on a window of 44 samples of the inputsignal> > >> repeatedly till I get a high response indicating that I have got the > > >> reqd. frequency. > > >> > > >> I know DFT/FFT is an option but are there any better algorithms I can > > >> use for my project. Please suggest the best algorithm that will do my > > >> work. I am writing the code in C++ so if anyone can point me toexisting> > >> code on the net that will be really helpful. > > >> > > >> Thanks, > > >> Atri. > > >> > > > > > > Atri: > > > > > > Try the Goertzel algorithm. > > > > > > Good luck, > > > OUP > > > > "44 samples" at what sample rate? > > > > Jerry > > -- > > Engineering is the art of making what you want from things you can get. > > ����������������������������������������������������������������������� >
Reply by ●February 20, 20042004-02-20
Maurice Givens wrote:> y = y(:); > F = F(:); > >Thanks, Maurice. What do the above two lines do? Bob -- "Things should be described as simply as possible, but no simpler." A. Einstein
Reply by ●February 21, 20042004-02-21
To detect is to decide whether what you have is the desired signal, rather than the other stuff - noise processes - you would expect to see. The decision will depend on any consequences of wrong decisions of either type, and on any prior knowledge of liklihood. It will also depend importantly on the null hypothesis - what patterns you expect in the absence of signal. Testing for a known frequency sine wave in stationary white noise is prety simple - just correlate to estimate the amplitude and use the known noise level. You can do a Bays decision using the gaussian model or use some stats cook book confidence rule. If the noise is more variable you could still model it as gaussian in a local time-frequency region. You could correlate as before to get the signal power and filter the residue signal in a time-frequency window to give the local noise power - the distortion of the pure signal you expect. There are lots of approaches - I find it best to stick to a simple bays rule and be honest and careful about the implicit assumptions of the statistical model. The problem depends on the noise as well as the signal. A tone in speech, a tone in a little or a lot of white noise, a tone in music, one specific tone amother other tones, a tone with a narrow range of possible frequencies,... they all demand different tests. PS Shouldn't this be in comp.dsp?
Reply by ●February 21, 20042004-02-21
Hi Maurice, Thanks for the code for Goertzel algorithm. It's amazing !!!! But I could not make out why this algo should work .. if you have time can you please give me a brief explanation as to how this thing works ? Thanks, Atri. Maurice Givens wrote:> Atri Mandal <mandala@ics.uci.edu> wrote in message news:<40359D7A.12B15FED@ics.uci.edu>... > > Hi, > > I am writing an application to detect a particular frequency(viz. 4.5 > > Khz) in an input audio signal. I have written the code to capture the > > sound using a microphone; but I have to properly design a digital filter > > which will return TRUE as soon as it detects sound of this frequency in > > the input signal. Also my project demands that I have to detect the > > signal by looking at a very small number of samples e.g. 44. So I will > > apply the digital filter on a window of 44 samples of the input signal > > repeatedly till I get a high response indicating that I have got the > > reqd. frequency. > > > > I know DFT/FFT is an option but are there any better algorithms I can > > use for my project. Please suggest the best algorithm that will do my > > work. I am writing the code in C++ so if anyone can point me to existing > > code on the net that will be really helpful. > > > > Thanks, > > Atri. > > Here is Matlab code for the Goertzel algm if you just need a > TRUE/FLASE indication. Set a threshold, and if y is greater than the > threshold, then the frequency is detected. > > x = input vector > f = frequency desired > N = number of samples to test over > Fs = sample frequency > > function y = goert(x,f,N,Fs) > > k = fix(0.5 + N*f/Fs); > w = (2*pi/N)*k; > coeff = 2 * cos(w); > Q1 = 0; > Q2 = 0; > for j = 1:N > Q0 = coeff * Q1 - Q2 + x(j); > Q2 = Q1; > Q1 = Q0; > end > y = sqrt(Q1^2 + Q2^2 - Q1 * Q2 * coeff); > > Here is code to test the alghm. Plot F aganist y to see the detector > output as a function of frequency. > > fdet is the frequency desired > N = number of samples to test over > Fs = sample frequency > > function [F,y] = testgoert(fdet,N,Fs) > > t = 0:1/Fs:((1/Fs)*N - (1/Fs)); > k = 1; > for f = fix(fdet/2:(fdet/2)/15:fdet*2) > x = sin(2*pi*f*t); > y(k) = goert(x,fdet,N,Fs); > F(k) = f; > k = k + 1; > end > y = y(:); > F = F(:); > > Maurice Givens
