Hello Forum, I know that electrical power travels AC and high voltage over long distances. This serves to reduce ohmic losses. Also AC current is easily generated using mechanical methods. I have also heard about DC power transmission...does that offer particular advantages over AC power transmission? thanks, fisico32
DC power transmission...
Started by ●February 2, 2011
Reply by ●February 2, 20112011-02-02
On 02/02/2011 06:23 PM, fisico32 wrote:> Hello Forum, > > I know that electrical power travels AC and high voltage over long > distances. This serves to reduce ohmic losses. Also AC current is easily > generated using mechanical methods. > > I have also heard about DC power transmission...does that offer particular > advantages over AC power transmission?AC suffers from losses just because its AC. The 'near field' losses go up proportionate with line length. Then, when the transmission line length gets to be a considerable fraction of a wavelength, the losses go up _and_ the line starts to act like any long transmission line, with standing waves, impedance transformation effects, etc. One wavelength at 60Hz is about 3000 miles, and the distance from the Bonneville Dam on the Oregon/Washington border to all those power consumers in Los Angeles is getting close to 1/4 of a wavelength. Transmission line effects _really_ start kicking in between 1/8 and 1/4 of a wavelength. Also, AC machines really like to be synchronized to one another, and the more generators you have on a grid the harder the job is -- even when you don't take all the phase-change effects of long lines into account. So grids that are geographically separate tend to run independently (less so now, as we get smarter, but still...). There's loss when you convert AC power to DC for a transmission line, there's loss when you convert back to DC, and DC transmission lines really, really, don't like being turned off suddenly. For all that, long-distance transmission lines are often less expensive when they're DC. -- Tim Wescott Wescott Design Services http://www.wescottdesign.com Do you need to implement control loops in software? "Applied Control Theory for Embedded Systems" was written for you. See details at http://www.wescottdesign.com/actfes/actfes.html
Reply by ●February 3, 20112011-02-03
Tim Wescott wrote:> On 02/02/2011 06:23 PM, fisico32 wrote: >> Hello Forum, >> >> I know that electrical power travels AC and high voltage over long >> distances. This serves to reduce ohmic losses. Also AC current is easily >> generated using mechanical methods. >> >> I have also heard about DC power transmission...does that offer >> particular >> advantages over AC power transmission? > > AC suffers from losses just because its AC. The 'near field' losses go > up proportionate with line length. Then, when the transmission line > length gets to be a considerable fraction of a wavelength, the losses go > up _and_ the line starts to act like any long transmission line, with > standing waves, impedance transformation effects, etc. One wavelength at > 60Hz is about 3000 miles, and the distance from the Bonneville Dam on > the Oregon/Washington border to all those power consumers in Los Angeles > is getting close to 1/4 of a wavelength. Transmission line effects > _really_ start kicking in between 1/8 and 1/4 of a wavelength. > > Also, AC machines really like to be synchronized to one another, and the > more generators you have on a grid the harder the job is -- even when > you don't take all the phase-change effects of long lines into account. > So grids that are geographically separate tend to run independently > (less so now, as we get smarter, but still...). > > There's loss when you convert AC power to DC for a transmission line, > there's loss when you convert back to DC, and DC transmission lines > really, really, don't like being turned off suddenly. For all that, > long-distance transmission lines are often less expensive when they're DC. >Tonight's episode of Nova on "clean" energy stated that losses in the grid can approach 50%. Is that realistic? (I caught a couple of errors due to over simplification.)
Reply by ●February 3, 20112011-02-03
Richard Owlett <rowlett@pcnetinc.com> wrote: (snip)> Tonight's episode of Nova on "clean" energy stated that losses in > the grid can approach 50%. Is that realistic? (I caught a couple > of errors due to over simplification.)Well, to start you usually lose more than 50% on the conversion from heat for a thermal source (coal, oil, gas, nuclear) to electricity. Otherwise, 50% would probably be my first guess. If it is more than that, then you work to reduce it, such as use larger wires for the long distance transmission lines. Now, optimize costs of wire vs. power loss. What is the result? -- glen
Reply by ●February 3, 20112011-02-03
Richard Owlett <rowlett@pcnetinc.com> wrote: (snip)> Tonight's episode of Nova on "clean" energy stated that losses in > the grid can approach 50%. Is that realistic? (I caught a couple > of errors due to over simplification.)Well, to start you usually lose more than 50% on the conversion from heat for a thermal source (coal, oil, gas, nuclear) to electricity. Otherwise, 50% would probably be my first guess. If it is more than that, then you work to reduce it, such as use larger wires for the long distance transmission lines. Now, optimize costs of wire vs. power loss. What is the result? -- glen
Reply by ●February 3, 20112011-02-03
On Wed, 02 Feb 2011 20:23:19 -0600, "fisico32" <marcoscipioni1@n_o_s_p_a_m.gmail.com> wrote:>Hello Forum, > >I know that electrical power travels AC and high voltage over long >distances. This serves to reduce ohmic losses. Also AC current is easily >generated using mechanical methods. > >I have also heard about DC power transmission...does that offer particular >advantages over AC power transmission? > >thanks, >fisico32Hi, Have a look at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_Currents [-Rick-]
Reply by ●February 3, 20112011-02-03
Reply by ●February 3, 20112011-02-03
fisico32 <marcoscipioni1@n_o_s_p_a_m.gmail.com> wrote:>what are exactly "near field" losses?That is where EM energy is transfered in a way that can't be accurately described by photons traveling through space. An ordinary transmitter works by near-field. Steve
Reply by ●February 3, 20112011-02-03
Steve Pope <spope33@speedymail.org> wrote:>fisico32 <marcoscipioni1@n_o_s_p_a_m.gmail.com> wrote: > >>what are exactly "near field" losses? > >That is where EM energy is transfered in a way that can't be >accurately described by photons traveling through space. >An ordinary transmitter works by near-field.Oops! I meant to say "an ordinary transformer" works by near field. Almost all radio transmission is far-field. Steve
Reply by ●February 3, 20112011-02-03