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Sampling: What Nyquist Didn't Say, and What to Do About It

Started by Tim Wescott December 20, 2010
On 20/12/10 13:47, John Devereux wrote:
> Jan Panteltje<pNaonStpealmtje@yahoo.com> writes: > >> On a sunny day (Mon, 20 Dec 2010 01:40:32 -0800) it happened Robert Baer >> <robertbaer@localnet.com> wrote in >> <UO-dnUZyBpEGuZLQnZ2dnUVZ_gidnZ2d@posted.localnet>: >> >>> Mikolaj wrote: >>>> Dnia 20-12-2010 o 08:34:44 Tim Wescott<tim@seemywebsite.com> napisa&#322;(a): >>>> >>>>> I know there's a few people out there who actually read the papers that I >>>>> post on my web site. >>>>> >>>>> I also know that the papers have gotten a bit ragged, and that I haven't >>>>> been maintaining them. >>>>> >>>>> So here: I've made a start. >>>>> >>>>> http://www.wescottdesign.com/articles/Sampling/sampling.pdf >>>>> >>>>> My intent (with apologies to all of you with dial-up), is to convert the >>>>> ratty HTML documents to pdf as time permits, and in a way that leaves the >>>>> documents easily maintainable and in a form that is easy to look at from >>>>> the web or to print out, as you desire. >>>>> >>>> >>>> My first thought was that fonts look a little bit to thin and bright. >>>> I use AcrobatReader 9.4.1, preferences/rendering: LCD,all options checked. >>>> >>> I agree, the font makes it very difficult to read, and is not >>> conducive to enhancing reading over a long term, namely longer than one >>> page.. >> >> I think the fonts look great, watching full screen on a 1680x1050 LCD with >> xpdf in Linux. >> wget http://www.wescottdesign.com/articles/Sampling/sampling.pdf >> xpdf sampling.pdf > > No, they do look a bit "bitmapped" I'm afraid. I am also using xpdf in > linux. A minor detail though, still quite readable IMO. >
Getting /almost/ on-topic again, the issue is, I think, that xpdf doesn't do anti-aliasing very well and so the fonts look a bit poor at low resolution. Evince does better. But in general, CMR fonts are better on high-resolution devices - they were designed for use on laser printers, not to look nice on screens.
On 12/20/2010 01:40 AM, Robert Baer wrote:
> Mikolaj wrote: >> Dnia 20-12-2010 o 08:34:44 Tim Wescott <tim@seemywebsite.com> napisa&#4294967295;(a): >> >>> I know there's a few people out there who actually read the papers >>> that I >>> post on my web site. >>> >>> I also know that the papers have gotten a bit ragged, and that I haven't >>> been maintaining them. >>> >>> So here: I've made a start. >>> >>> http://www.wescottdesign.com/articles/Sampling/sampling.pdf >>> >>> My intent (with apologies to all of you with dial-up), is to convert the >>> ratty HTML documents to pdf as time permits, and in a way that leaves >>> the >>> documents easily maintainable and in a form that is easy to look at from >>> the web or to print out, as you desire. >>> >> >> My first thought was that fonts look a little bit to thin and bright. >> I use AcrobatReader 9.4.1, preferences/rendering: LCD,all options >> checked. >> > I agree, the font makes it very difficult to read, and is not conducive > to enhancing reading over a long term, namely longer than one page..
What reader are you using? I'm getting a two-valued distribution here: "looks great!", and "looks nasty!". If it's a reader issue -- particularly if you're using Adobe -- then I'd like to test on the 'bad' reader. -- Tim Wescott Wescott Design Services http://www.wescottdesign.com Do you need to implement control loops in software? "Applied Control Theory for Embedded Systems" was written for you. See details at http://www.wescottdesign.com/actfes/actfes.html
On 12/20/2010 03:30 AM, Anton Erasmus wrote:
> On Mon, 20 Dec 2010 01:34:44 -0600, Tim Wescott<tim@seemywebsite.com> > wrote: > >> I know there's a few people out there who actually read the papers that I >> post on my web site. >> >> I also know that the papers have gotten a bit ragged, and that I haven't >> been maintaining them. >> >> So here: I've made a start. >> >> http://www.wescottdesign.com/articles/Sampling/sampling.pdf >> >> My intent (with apologies to all of you with dial-up), is to convert the >> ratty HTML documents to pdf as time permits, and in a way that leaves the >> documents easily maintainable and in a form that is easy to look at from >> the web or to print out, as you desire. > > The fonts are terrible. They seem to be bitmap fonts and not vector. > It looks like you used TeX to generate the document. Go to > http://www.truetex.com/ for links to quite number of articles on > how to use truetype fonts in TeX.
What reader were you using? I'm trying to figure out (a) why some people think it looks peachy and some think it looks terrible (it looks great on Evince), and (b) make sure I test it on enough different readers that I get a true picture of what it looks like to the world at large. -- Tim Wescott Wescott Design Services http://www.wescottdesign.com Do you need to implement control loops in software? "Applied Control Theory for Embedded Systems" was written for you. See details at http://www.wescottdesign.com/actfes/actfes.html
On 12/20/2010 11:14 AM, Tim Wescott wrote:
> On 12/20/2010 03:30 AM, Anton Erasmus wrote: >> On Mon, 20 Dec 2010 01:34:44 -0600, Tim Wescott<tim@seemywebsite.com> >> wrote: >> >>> I know there's a few people out there who actually read the papers that I >>> post on my web site. >>> >>> I also know that the papers have gotten a bit ragged, and that I haven't >>> been maintaining them. >>> >>> So here: I've made a start. >>> >>> http://www.wescottdesign.com/articles/Sampling/sampling.pdf >>> >>> My intent (with apologies to all of you with dial-up), is to convert the >>> ratty HTML documents to pdf as time permits, and in a way that leaves the >>> documents easily maintainable and in a form that is easy to look at from >>> the web or to print out, as you desire. >> >> The fonts are terrible. They seem to be bitmap fonts and not vector. >> It looks like you used TeX to generate the document. Go to >> http://www.truetex.com/ for links to quite number of articles on >> how to use truetype fonts in TeX. > > What reader were you using? I'm trying to figure out (a) why some people think it looks peachy and some think it looks terrible (it > looks great on Evince), and (b) make sure I test it on enough different readers that I get a true picture of what it looks like to > the world at large.
Tim, I just looked at it using Adobe acroread under Fedora 13, with TeXLive 2010 installed (so that even if you hadn't embedded the fonts I should still have them available without substitution), and I agree with Anton - the fonts are bit-mapped and not vector. I use the TeX->ps->pdf route (using dvips and ps2pdf14) and, other than the -Pdownload35 option to dvips, do nothing special to embed my fonts and ensure they are vector. -- Randy Yates % "My Shangri-la has gone away, fading like Digital Signal Labs % the Beatles on 'Hey Jude'" yates@digitalsignallabs.com % http://www.digitalsignallabs.com % 'Shangri-La', *A New World Record*, ELO
Em 20/12/2010 05:34, Tim Wescott escreveu:
> I know there's a few people out there who actually read the papers that I > post on my web site. > > I also know that the papers have gotten a bit ragged, and that I haven't > been maintaining them. > > So here: I've made a start. > > http://www.wescottdesign.com/articles/Sampling/sampling.pdf > > My intent (with apologies to all of you with dial-up), is to convert the > ratty HTML documents to pdf as time permits, and in a way that leaves the > documents easily maintainable and in a form that is easy to look at from > the web or to print out, as you desire. >
Tim, I gave a diagonal look at the paper, as I got curious about the complaints on the font. They look OK to me :-) I'm used to read math's articles written in CMR fonts so perhaps I'm not a good judge on this. However, my attention was caught on a link you quote in the footnote number 13 and I discovered it is not longer available at that address :-( Maybe you can get the paper updated at some time!? Regards, -- Cesar Rabak GNU/Linux User 52247. Get counted: http://counter.li.org/
On Mon, 20 Dec 2010 01:34:44 -0600, Tim Wescott <tim@seemywebsite.com>
wrote:

>I know there's a few people out there who actually read the papers that I >post on my web site. > >I also know that the papers have gotten a bit ragged, and that I haven't >been maintaining them. > >So here: I've made a start. > >http://www.wescottdesign.com/articles/Sampling/sampling.pdf > >My intent (with apologies to all of you with dial-up), is to convert the >ratty HTML documents to pdf as time permits, and in a way that leaves the >documents easily maintainable and in a form that is easy to look at from >the web or to print out, as you desire.
I sold a couple hundred thousand channels of an AC power meter, used for utility end-use surveys, that sampled the power line voltage and current signals at 27 Hz. I had a hell of a time arguing with "Nyquist" theorists who claimed I should be sampling at twice the frequency of the highest line harmonic, like the 15th maybe. John
On 12/20/2010 08:37 AM, Cesar Rabak wrote:
> Em 20/12/2010 05:34, Tim Wescott escreveu: >> I know there's a few people out there who actually read the papers that I >> post on my web site. >> >> I also know that the papers have gotten a bit ragged, and that I haven't >> been maintaining them. >> >> So here: I've made a start. >> >> http://www.wescottdesign.com/articles/Sampling/sampling.pdf >> >> My intent (with apologies to all of you with dial-up), is to convert the >> ratty HTML documents to pdf as time permits, and in a way that leaves the >> documents easily maintainable and in a form that is easy to look at from >> the web or to print out, as you desire. >> > Tim, > > I gave a diagonal look at the paper, as I got curious about the > complaints on the font. They look OK to me :-) I'm used to read math's > articles written in CMR fonts so perhaps I'm not a good judge on this. > > However, my attention was caught on a link you quote in the footnote > number 13 and I discovered it is not longer available at that address :-( > > Maybe you can get the paper updated at some time!? > > Regards, >
It was there last week when I double-checked it! I'll see if I can chase it down. -- Tim Wescott Wescott Design Services http://www.wescottdesign.com Do you need to implement control loops in software? "Applied Control Theory for Embedded Systems" was written for you. See details at http://www.wescottdesign.com/actfes/actfes.html
On 12/20/2010 08:46 AM, John Larkin wrote:
> On Mon, 20 Dec 2010 01:34:44 -0600, Tim Wescott<tim@seemywebsite.com> > wrote: > >> I know there's a few people out there who actually read the papers that I >> post on my web site. >> >> I also know that the papers have gotten a bit ragged, and that I haven't >> been maintaining them. >> >> So here: I've made a start. >> >> http://www.wescottdesign.com/articles/Sampling/sampling.pdf >> >> My intent (with apologies to all of you with dial-up), is to convert the >> ratty HTML documents to pdf as time permits, and in a way that leaves the >> documents easily maintainable and in a form that is easy to look at from >> the web or to print out, as you desire. > > I sold a couple hundred thousand channels of an AC power meter, used > for utility end-use surveys, that sampled the power line voltage and > current signals at 27 Hz. I had a hell of a time arguing with > "Nyquist" theorists who claimed I should be sampling at twice the > frequency of the highest line harmonic, like the 15th maybe.
If you've got something like an SCR spike that lands on a different spot in the cycle each time then subsampling isn't going to build up a true picture. But for truly repetitive signals, it's got a lot going for it (it's how really really fast sampling scopes work -- even today you can build a sampler that'll work a lot faster than an ADC, fill in the blanks). -- Tim Wescott Wescott Design Services http://www.wescottdesign.com Do you need to implement control loops in software? "Applied Control Theory for Embedded Systems" was written for you. See details at http://www.wescottdesign.com/actfes/actfes.html
On 2010-12-20, Cesar Rabak <csrabak@bol.com.br> wrote:
> Em 20/12/2010 05:34, Tim Wescott escreveu: >> I know there's a few people out there who actually read the papers that I >> post on my web site. >> >> I also know that the papers have gotten a bit ragged, and that I haven't >> been maintaining them. >> >> So here: I've made a start. >> >> http://www.wescottdesign.com/articles/Sampling/sampling.pdf >> >> My intent (with apologies to all of you with dial-up), is to convert the >> ratty HTML documents to pdf as time permits, and in a way that leaves the >> documents easily maintainable and in a form that is easy to look at from >> the web or to print out, as you desire. > > I gave a diagonal look at the paper, as I got curious about the > complaints on the font. They look OK to me :-) I'm used to read math's > articles written in CMR fonts so perhaps I'm not a good judge on this.
I don't see anything at all wrong with the font. The one thing that I would change is the line length. It looks like a typical line is upwards of 110 characters. That's a bit too much to read comfortably. If you want to use a font that small, and don't want wide margins, I'd recommend going to a two-column format. -- Grant Edwards grant.b.edwards Yow! I'm definitely not at in Omaha! gmail.com
On 12/20/2010 11:46 AM, John Larkin wrote:
> [...] > I sold a couple hundred thousand channels of an AC power meter, used > for utility end-use surveys, that sampled the power line voltage and > current signals at 27 Hz. I had a hell of a time arguing with > "Nyquist" theorists who claimed I should be sampling at twice the > frequency of the highest line harmonic, like the 15th maybe.
John, If your AC signal had more than 13.5 Hz of bandwidth, how were you able to accurately sample them at 27 Hz? As far as I know, even subsampling assumes the _bandwidth_ is less than half the sample rate (for real sampling). -- Randy Yates % "My Shangri-la has gone away, fading like Digital Signal Labs % the Beatles on 'Hey Jude'" yates@digitalsignallabs.com % http://www.digitalsignallabs.com % 'Shangri-La', *A New World Record*, ELO