Fixed-point implementation of pow(0.5,x) and pow(x, 0.75)

Hello,

I need to implement in fixed-point pow(0.5,x) and pow(x, 0.75) and
I was wondering if anyone has some pointers with regards to this?

We are dealing with 32-bit words.

Any help is greatly appreciated.

-- 
Best regards,
Anders Buvarp
anders@lsil.com

Anders Buvarp wrote:

> Hello,
>=20
> I need to implement in fixed-point pow(0.5,x) and pow(x, 0.75) and
> I was wondering if anyone has some pointers with regards to this?
>=20
> We are dealing with 32-bit words.
>=20
> Any help is greatly appreciated.
>=20
I imagine that a search for sqrt(x) will be more fruitful than one for=20
pow(0.5,x). Try Google, http://www.nr.com/ and http://www.dspguru.com/

The best algorithm for an exact solution will depend on the relative=20
cost of multiplication and division on the target processor. Be aware=20
that there are good ways to approximate sqrt(x=B2 + y=B2).

Jerry
--=20
Engineering is the art of making what you want from things you can get.
=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=
=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=
=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF

Jerry Avins wrote:
> Anders Buvarp wrote:
> 
>> Hello,
>>
>> I need to implement in fixed-point pow(0.5,x) and pow(x, 0.75) and
>> I was wondering if anyone has some pointers with regards to this?
>>
>> We are dealing with 32-bit words.
>>
>> Any help is greatly appreciated.
>>
> I imagine that a search for sqrt(x) will be more fruitful than one for 
> pow(0.5,x). Try Google, http://www.nr.com/ and http://www.dspguru.com/

pow(0.5,x) returns 0.5^x, not x^0.5.  I suppose it's possible that the 
OP got them backwards though, because sqrt(x) is way more common than 0.5^x.


-- 
Jim Thomas            Principal Applications Engineer  Bittware, Inc
jthomas@bittware.com  http://www.bittware.com          (703) 779-7770
The problem with the future is that it keeps turning into the present - 
Hobbes

Hello Jerry,

Thanks for your reply.

I need 0.5^x so I don't see the connection with x^0.5.

The division here takes 70 longer than the multiply.

For x^0.75, I guess I can do sqrt(sqrt(x*x*x)).

Thanks again,
Anders

Jerry Avins wrote:
> 
> Anders Buvarp wrote:
> 
> > Hello,
> >

Hello Jim,

Thanks for your reply.

It is 0.5^x I need, maybe I can do a look-up table for now.

Thanks,
Anders

Jim Thomas wrote:
> 
> Jerry Avins wrote:
> > Anders Buvarp wrote:
> >
> >> Hello,
> >>
> >> I need to implement in fixed-point pow(0.5,x) and pow(x, 0.75) and
> >> I was wondering if anyone has some pointers with regards to this?
> >>
> >> We are dealing with 32-bit words.
> >>
> >> Any help is greatly appreciated.
> >>
> > I imagine that a search for sqrt(x) will be more fruitful than one for
> > pow(0.5,x). Try Google, http://www.nr.com/ and http://www.dspguru.com/
> 
> pow(0.5,x) returns 0.5^x, not x^0.5.  I suppose it's possible that the
> OP got them backwards though, because sqrt(x) is way more common than 0.5^x.
> 
> --
> Jim Thomas            Principal Applications Engineer  Bittware, Inc
> jthomas@bittware.com  http://www.bittware.com          (703) 779-7770
> The problem with the future is that it keeps turning into the present -
> Hobbes

-- 
Best regards,
Anders Buvarp
anders@lsil.com

Anders Buvarp wrote:
> 
> It is 0.5^x I need, maybe I can do a look-up table for now.
> 

Unless my math is failing me, 0.5^x = 1 / 2^x, so you should be able to 
do the 2^x with just shifts (or incrementing the exponent if it's 
floating point) followed by a reciprocal, no ?

Paul

Anders Buvarp wrote:

> Hello Jim,
>=20
> Thanks for your reply.
>=20
> It is 0.5^x I need, maybe I can do a look-up table for now.
>=20
> Thanks,
> Anders
>=20
> Jim Thomas wrote:
>=20
>>Jerry Avins wrote:
>>
>>>Anders Buvarp wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>Hello,
>>>>
>>>>I need to implement in fixed-point pow(0.5,x) and pow(x, 0.75) and
>>>>I was wondering if anyone has some pointers with regards to this?
>>>>
>>>>We are dealing with 32-bit words.
>>>>
>>>>Any help is greatly appreciated.
>>>>
>>>
>>>I imagine that a search for sqrt(x) will be more fruitful than one for=

>>>pow(0.5,x). Try Google, http://www.nr.com/ and http://www.dspguru.com/=

>>
>>pow(0.5,x) returns 0.5^x, not x^0.5.  I suppose it's possible that the
>>OP got them backwards though, because sqrt(x) is way more common than 0=
=2E5^x.
>>
>>--
>>Jim Thomas            Principal Applications Engineer  Bittware, Inc
>>jthomas@bittware.com  http://www.bittware.com          (703) 779-7770
>>The problem with the future is that it keeps turning into the present -=

>>Hobbes
>=20
>=20
Would 1/2^x be easier? Excuse me for getting it bass ackwards.

Jerry
--=20
Engineering is the art of making what you want from things you can get.
=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=
=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=
=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF=AF

Anders Buvarp <anders@lsil.com> wrote in message news:<3F6F3463.65C9128F@lsil.com>...
> Hello Jerry,
> 
> Thanks for your reply.
> 
> I need 0.5^x so I don't see the connection with x^0.5.
> 
> The division here takes 70 longer than the multiply.
> 
> For x^0.75, I guess I can do sqrt(sqrt(x*x*x)).
> 
> Thanks again,
> Anders
> 
> Jerry Avins wrote:
> > 
> > Anders Buvarp wrote:
> > 
> > > Hello,
> > >

Nothing is told about x. if x is negative and integer it is mere a
left shift by x. For e.g x= -3 & -4 would give (-1)* 2^3 and 2^4.

if x is positive and integer it is 1/2^x and I guess there could some
efficient way of division and not too much cycle consuming!
if x is floating number then I guess some look up table can appoximate
good results - it is interesting see how much memory it eats up!

Regards,
Santosh

You could easily get at 'em if you had log/antilog - these usually
aren't too bad to implement.

Matt

Anders Buvarp <anders@lsil.com> wrote in message news:<3F6BB47E.F0EBF176@lsil.com>...
> Hello,
> 
> I need to implement in fixed-point pow(0.5,x) and pow(x, 0.75) and
> I was wondering if anyone has some pointers with regards to this?
> 
> We are dealing with 32-bit words.
> 
> Any help is greatly appreciated.

"Anders Buvarp" <anders@lsil.com> wrote in message
news:3F6F348E.F8214A04@lsil.com...
> Hello Jim,
>
> Thanks for your reply.
>
> It is 0.5^x I need, maybe I can do a look-up table for now.

Well, 0.5**x (Fortran notation), is just a right shift if x is an integer,
and 0.5 is a fixed point number with the binary point far enough not to
shift out the only 1.  If you want to multiply a fixed point number by
0.5**x, shift it right by x.



(snip)

> > >> I need to implement in fixed-point pow(0.5,x) and pow(x, 0.75) and
> > >> I was wondering if anyone has some pointers with regards to this?
> > >>
> > >> We are dealing with 32-bit words.

It probably isn't hard to write a Newton-Raphson algorithm to do x**0.75.
In floating point I might do it sqrt(x)*sqrt(sqrt(x)), or sqrt(sqrt(x*x*x)).
The latter might work well in fixed point arithmetic if it can be made not
to overflow.

If this is homework, please reference the newsgroup.

-- glen