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An Efficient Full-Band Sliding DFT Spectrum Analyzer

Rick Lyons

In this blog I present two computationally efficient full-band discrete Fourier transform (DFT) networks that compute the 0th bin and all the positive-frequency bin outputs for an N-point DFT in real-time on a sample-by-sample basis. An Even-N...


Add a Power Marker to a Power Spectral Density (PSD) Plot

Neil Robertson

Perhaps we should call most Power Spectral Density (PSD) calculations relative PSD, because usually we don’t have to worry about absolute power levels.  However, for cases (e.g., measurements or simulations) where we are concerned with...


A Simpler Goertzel Algorithm

Rick Lyons

In this blog I propose a Goertzel algorithm that is simpler than the version of the Goertzel algorithm that is traditionally presented DSP textbooks. Below I very briefly describe the DSP textbook version of the Goertzel algorithm followed by a...


60-Hz Noise and Baseline Drift Reduction in ECG Signal Processing

Rick Lyons

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are obtained by monitoring the electrical activity of the human heart for medical diagnostic purposes [1]. This blog describes a very efficient digital filter used to reduce both 60 Hz AC powerline noise and...


Find Aliased ADC or DAC Harmonics (with animation)

Neil Robertson

When a sinewave is applied to a data converter (ADC or DAC), device nonlinearities produce harmonics.  If a harmonic frequency is greater than the Nyquist frequency, the harmonic appears as an alias.  In this case, it is not at once...


Adaptive Beamforming is like Squeezing a Water Balloon

Christopher Hogstrom

Adaptive beamforming was first developed in the 1960s for radar and sonar applications. The main idea is that signals can be captured using multiple sensors and the sensor outputs can be combined to enhance the signals propagating from...


Compute Images/Aliases of CIC Interpolators/Decimators

Neil Robertson

Cascade-Integrator-Comb (CIC) filters are efficient fixed-point interpolators or decimators.  For these filters, all coefficients are equal to 1, and there are no multipliers.  They are typically used when a large change in sample...


Exploring Human Hearing Range

Stephen Morris

Human Hearing Range In this post, I'll look at an interesting aspect of Audacity – using it to explore the threshold of human hearing. In my book Digital Signal Processing: A Gentle Introduction with Audio Examples, I go into this topic...


The Zeroing Sine Family of Window Functions

Cedron Dawg

Introduction This is an article to hopefully give a better understanding of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) by introducing a class of well behaved window functions that the author believes to be previously unrecognized. The definition...


Design Square-Root Nyquist Filters

Neil Robertson

In his book on multirate signal processing, harris presents a nifty technique for designing square-root Nyquist FIR filters with good stopband attenuation [1]. In this post, I describe the method and provide a Matlab function for designing the filters. You can find a Matlab function by harris for designing the filters at [2].